ATI RN
ATI Practice Exam Pharmacology The Hematologic System Questions
Question 1 of 5
A client is prescribed omeprazole (Prilosec) for GERD. Which instruction should the nurse include?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Omeprazole, a PPI, reduces acid by inhibiting proton pumps, most effective before meals when acid production peaks, optimizing GERD relief. With antacids reduces efficacy'PPIs need acidic pH. Crushing destroys enteric coating. Bedtime-only misses daytime acid. Pre-meal dosing aligns with omeprazole's mechanism, critical in GERD where timing enhances healing, making A the key instruction.
Question 2 of 5
A 43-year-old Caucasian woman complains that her irises have been darkening. She says that she has been taking a drug for years to treat her glaucoma. Which of the following drugs is most likely causing the increased pigmentation of her irises?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Iris darkening in glaucoma treatment points to Latanoprost , a prostaglandin analog. It increases melanin in iridial melanocytes, a known side effect. Acetazolamide , a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, Epinephrine , Pilocarpine , and Timolol (E) don't cause this. Latanoprost's cosmetic effect is well-documented, fitting her long-term use.
Question 3 of 5
It is defined as the fraction of drug absorbed by the body
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Bioavailability is defined as the fraction of drug that reaches systemic circulation in an unchanged form after administration. It is a crucial pharmacokinetic parameter that reflects the amount and rate of drug absorption. Bioavailability can be influenced by various factors such as the route of administration, drug formulation, and first-pass metabolism. Monitoring bioavailability is important in determining the efficacy and dosage requirements of a drug.
Question 4 of 5
What is the pharmacological class of Metformin?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Metformin belongs to the pharmacological class known as biguanides. Biguanides are a group of oral medications commonly used to treat type 2 diabetes by lowering blood sugar levels. Metformin works primarily by decreasing the production of glucose in the liver while also increasing the sensitivity of muscle cells to insulin. This class of drugs does not stimulate insulin release from the pancreas like sulfonylureas and meglitinides but rather works by targeting the liver and improving insulin sensitivity in peripheral tissues. The main pharmacological effect of metformin is to reduce hepatic glucose output, which helps to control blood glucose levels in individuals with type 2 diabetes.
Question 5 of 5
A client has been using sildenafil (Viagra) for several months. Which client reports would the nurse interpret as an adverse effect of this medication?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Sildenafil (Viagra) commonly causes nasal congestion due to vasodilation affecting nasal blood vessels, a frequent adverse effect tied to its mechanism. Earache isn't a recognized side effect-sildenafil targets vascular smooth muscle, not auditory systems. Blurry vision occurs from PDE-6 inhibition in the retina, another known issue. Priapism, a sustained erection, is a rare but serious risk requiring urgent care. Nasal congestion stands out as a typical, manageable effect, reflecting sildenafil's systemic vasodilatory impact, distinct from less common visual or emergent issues, and aligns with patient reports needing monitoring.