ATI Proctored Pharmacology Test

Question 1 of 5

In which patient could the drug Senna potentially be indicated?

A. A patient with an eating disorder B. A patient who has not passed stool in 5 days C. A patient with anal fissures D. A patient with a history of hemorrhoids

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Senna is a stimulant laxative commonly used to treat constipation by stimulating bowel movements. It is typically indicated for patients who have not passed stool in several days, thereby helping to relieve constipation. Patients with eating disorders may require different treatments related to their condition. Patients with anal fissures or a history of hemorrhoids may need treatments targeted at those specific issues, which may not involve Senna.

Question 2 of 5

When a client reports urticaria and dyspnea after receiving amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, which medication should be administered first?

A. Administer epinephrine B. Administer albuterol C. Administer diphenhydramine D. Administer prednisone

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In the scenario described, the client is experiencing symptoms of a severe allergic reaction. The priority intervention is to administer epinephrine. Epinephrine acts quickly to reverse the effects of the allergic reaction and can be life-saving in cases of anaphylaxis. Albuterol is used for bronchodilation and may help with respiratory symptoms but is not the first-line treatment for anaphylaxis. Diphenhydramine and prednisone are used for allergic reactions but are not as rapid-acting as epinephrine and should be considered after administering epinephrine in this situation.

Question 3 of 5

A client has a Cerebrospinal fluid infection with gram-negative bacteria. Which of the following Cephalosporin antibiotics should be administered IV to treat this infection?

A. Cefaclor B. Cefazolin C. Cefepime D. Cephalexin

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In treating a Cerebrospinal fluid infection caused by gram-negative bacteria, Cefepime, a fourth-generation cephalosporin, is the most suitable choice due to its enhanced efficacy against gram-negative organisms in such infections. Cefaclor (
Choice
A) is a second-generation cephalosporin more commonly used for respiratory tract infections. Cefazolin (
Choice
B) is a first-generation cephalosporin often used for skin and soft tissue infections. Cephalexin (
Choice
D) is a first-generation cephalosporin indicated for skin and urinary tract infections, but not the optimal choice for a Cerebrospinal fluid infection with gram-negative bacteria.

Question 4 of 5

A client receives a new prescription for NRTIs for HIV treatment. Which statement should the nurse include during teaching about these medications?

A. These medications work by inhibiting enzymes to prevent HIV replication. B. These medications work by preventing protein synthesis within the HIV cell. C. These medications work by weakening the cell wall of the HIV virus. D. These medications work by blocking HIV entry into cells.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: NRTIs inhibit the enzyme reverse transcriptase, essential for HIV replication. By preventing this process, viral replication is hindered, ultimately reducing the viral load in the body. Option A correctly explains the mechanism of action of NRTIs in treating HIV infection.

Choices B, C, and D describe mechanisms of action that do not align with how NRTIs work in HIV treatment. B is incorrect because NRTIs do not target protein synthesis within the HIV cell. C is incorrect as NRTIs do not affect the cell wall of the HIV virus. D is incorrect because NRTIs do not block HIV entry into cells.

Question 5 of 5

A client has a new prescription for lisinopril. Which of the following findings should the nurse monitor as an adverse effect of this medication?

A. Cough B. Hyperglycemia C. Headache D. Dry mouth

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: A common adverse effect of lisinopril is a persistent dry cough. Lisinopril is an ACE inhibitor that can cause irritation in the respiratory tract, leading to a cough. Monitoring for a persistent cough is essential as it may indicate a serious adverse effect that requires medical attention. Hyperglycemia (
Choice
B) is not a common adverse effect of lisinopril. Headache (
Choice
C) and dry mouth (
Choice
D) are not typically associated with lisinopril use.
Therefore, the correct answer is A: Cough.

Nurselytic

ATI RN

ATI RN