ATI RN
ATI RN Pharmacology Online Practice 2019 A Questions
Question 1 of 5
A 6-year-old boy presents to his pediatrician for followup of recurrent hay fever and asthma. He usually has two to three attacks per week. For symptom control, he uses an albuterol inhaler, but his parents would like to try something more. They would like him to take something that would lessen the amount of attacks he has. Although corticosteroids would probably work best for prophylaxis, they are contraindicated in children. Which of the following drugs would decrease the amount of asthma attacks by preventing an arachidonic acid derivative from binding to its receptor?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Asthma attacks in this case are driven by inflammation, often mediated by leukotrienes, which are arachidonic acid derivatives. The goal is to reduce the frequency of attacks by targeting this pathway. Aspirin inhibits cyclooxygenase (COX), reducing prostaglandins but not leukotrienes, and may even worsen asthma in some patients. Celecoxib is a selective COX-2 inhibitor, also irrelevant to leukotrienes. Ipratropium is an anticholinergic bronchodilator, effective for acute symptom relief but not prophylaxis via arachidonic acid pathways. Montelukast is a leukotriene receptor antagonist, directly preventing leukotrienes from binding to their receptors, thus reducing inflammation and attack frequency. Zileuton (E), while a leukotriene synthesis inhibitor, isn't the best choice here as the question specifies receptor binding prevention, not synthesis inhibition. Montelukast aligns perfectly with the mechanism described, making it the correct answer.
Question 2 of 5
What is the unlabeled use for Propranolol?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: While Propranolol is commonly used to treat conditions such as hypertension and certain heart-related issues, it is also used off-label for the treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTS
D). Propranolol has shown efficacy in reducing the intensity of emotional memories and symptoms associated with PTSD by blocking the effects of stress hormones. It is believed to help alleviate symptoms such as anxiety and hyperarousal in individuals with PTSD. However, it is important to note that the off-label use of Propranolol for PTSD should only be done under the guidance and supervision of a healthcare professional.
Question 3 of 5
A client with anxiety is prescribed buspirone (Buspar). Which statement by the client indicates effective teaching?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Buspirone, an anxiolytic, requires 2-4 weeks for effect and is dosed thrice daily , showing understanding. Immediate relief is false'it's not a benzo. Alcohol worsens anxiety. It's non-sedating . Thrice-daily dosing aligns with buspirone's steady-state need, key in anxiety where consistency matters, making B the correct statement.
Question 4 of 5
Lorraine who is on chemotherapy has a history of cardiac disease. The client is at risk for cardiac complications because:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Chemotherapy can cause anemia, which reduces the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood due to decreased red blood cells or hemoglobin. For a patient with a history of cardiac disease, this is particularly concerning because the heart must work harder to deliver oxygen to tissues, potentially exacerbating cardiac conditions. Reduced white blood cells increase infection risk, but this does not directly affect cardiac function. Sodium levels and hematocrit are not the primary concerns in this context.
Therefore, reduced oxygen-carrying capacity is the correct answer.
Question 5 of 5
The physician orders penicillin for a female client who has a sinus infection. What is a priority question to ask the client prior to administering the medication?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Penicillin is a commonly used antibiotic for infections like sinusitis, but its safety profile must be assessed, especially in female clients of reproductive age. The priority question is whether the client is pregnant because penicillin is classified as a Category B drug by the FDA, meaning it's generally considered safe during pregnancy, but confirmation of pregnancy status is critical to ensure no unforeseen risks or contraindications exist, such as hypersensitivity. Pregnancy also affects drug metabolism and dosing considerations, making this the most immediate concern. Asking about plans to become pregnant is less urgent, as it pertains to future rather than current status. Breastfeeding is important due to potential drug excretion in milk, but it's secondary to confirming current pregnancy. Birth control pills might interact with some antibiotics (though less so with penicillin), but this is not the primary safety concern. Thus, choice A is the priority question to ensure safe administration.