ATI RN
microbiology chapter 1 test bank Questions
Question 1 of 5
A 30 year old patient consulted a doctor about having diarrhea and stomach aches for 5 days, temperature rise up to 37,50C with chills. The day before the patient was in a forest and drank some water from an open pond. He was diagnosed with amebic dysentery that was bacteriologically confirmed. Name the medication for treatment of this disease:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Metronidazole. Amebic dysentery is caused by the parasite Entamoeba histolytica, not a bacterium, hence antibiotics like Chloramphenicol or Phthalazole are ineffective. Metronidazole is the drug of choice for treating amebic dysentery due to its efficacy against anaerobic organisms like Entamoeba histolytica. Furasolidone is used for treating bacterial infections, not parasitic ones like amebiasis. The patient's symptoms of diarrhea, stomach aches, and a recent history of drinking water from a potentially contaminated source in the forest are indicative of a parasitic infection, supporting the choice of Metronidazole for treatment.
Question 2 of 5
The laboratory for especially dangerous infections conducts microscopic examination of pathological material from a patient with suspected plague. The sample was stained by Burri-Gins technique. What property of the causative agent can be identified by this technique?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The Burri-Gins staining technique is used to identify capsule formation in bacteria. Capsules are protective layers around bacteria that can be visualized using this staining method. Capsules are important virulence factors for pathogens like Yersinia pestis, the causative agent of plague. This technique helps in differentiating encapsulated bacteria from non-encapsulated ones. Spore formation (
B), acid resistance (
C), and alkali resistance (
D) are not properties that can be identified using the Burri-Gins technique, making them incorrect choices.
Question 3 of 5
A relationship between organisms in which the waste product of one provides nutrients for another is called
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: commensalism. In commensalism, one organism benefits while the other is neither helped nor harmed. In this relationship, the waste product of one organism serves as a nutrient source for another without affecting the first organism. Mutualism (
A) involves both organisms benefiting, competition (
B) involves a struggle for resources, and synergism (
C) involves cooperative interactions. Commensalism is the only choice where one organism benefits from the waste product of another without any impact on the producer.
Question 4 of 5
The type of infection in which several infectious agents establish themselves at the same site is referred to as a:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: mixed infection. In a mixed infection, multiple infectious agents establish themselves at the same site, leading to a complex and diverse infection. This type of infection can involve different types of pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites. It can be challenging to diagnose and treat due to the presence of multiple pathogens.
A: Chronic infection refers to an infection that persists over a long period but is typically caused by a single pathogen.
B: Necrotizing infection is characterized by rapid tissue destruction but does not necessarily involve multiple infectious agents.
C: Fatal infection does not specify the presence of multiple infectious agents, it simply implies that the infection leads to death.
In summary, the correct answer, mixed infection, is the only choice that specifically describes the scenario of multiple infectious agents establishing themselves at the same site.
Question 5 of 5
The central dogma concerning the flow of information from genetic material was first introduced by
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The central dogma of molecular biology, which describes the flow of genetic information from DNA to RNA to proteins, was first proposed by Francis Crick. Crick, along with James Watson, discovered the structure of DNA in 1953, leading to the understanding of how genetic information is stored and transmitted. Ernst Ruska was a physicist who developed the electron microscope, not related to genetic information flow. Camillo Golgi was an Italian biologist known for the discovery of the Golgi apparatus, not central to the central dogma. Carl Bender is not a prominent figure in the field of molecular biology. In summary, Francis Crick is the correct answer as he played a pivotal role in introducing the central dogma of molecular biology.