ATI RN
foundations in microbiology test bank Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which bacteria are responsible for causing the disease tuberculosis?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Mycobacterium tuberculosis. This bacterium is responsible for causing tuberculosis as it specifically infects the lungs and can spread to other parts of the body. Mycobacterium leprae (
A) causes leprosy, Streptococcus pneumoniae (
B) causes pneumonia, and Clostridium botulinum (
D) causes botulism, making them incorrect choices for tuberculosis. Mycobacterium tuberculosis has unique characteristics and mechanisms that enable it to cause tuberculosis, such as its ability to evade the immune system and form granulomas in the lungs.
Question 2 of 5
An 18-year-old patient has developed candidiasis after the case of pneumonia treated with β-lactam antibiotic. What antimycotic agent should be prescribed?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Fluconazole.
1. Fluconazole is an antifungal agent effective against Candida species commonly causing candidiasis.
2. Streptomycin (
B) is an antibiotic used for bacterial infections, not fungal.
3. Phthalylsulfathiazole (
C) is an antibacterial agent, not antifungal.
4. Ampicillin (
D) is a β-lactam antibiotic, which can actually contribute to fungal infections like candidiasis.
Question 3 of 5
Which scientist performed the first successful vaccination against smallpox?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Jenner. Edward Jenner is credited with performing the first successful vaccination against smallpox in 1796. He used cowpox virus to inoculate individuals, leading to immunity against smallpox. Jenner's experiment laid the foundation for modern vaccination. Pasteur (
A) is known for developing the germ theory of disease. Semmelweis (
C) advocated for handwashing to prevent infections. Koch (
D) identified the causative agents of several diseases but did not develop the smallpox vaccine.
Question 4 of 5
A blood culture from a patient with sepsis revealed Gram-positive cocci in pairs. The bacteria were catalase-negative and alpha-hemolytic. What is the most likely causative agent?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Streptococcus pneumoniae. This is because the bacterium is Gram-positive cocci in pairs, catalase-negative, and alpha-hemolytic, which are characteristic features of S. pneumoniae. The other choices can be ruled out based on specific characteristics:
B) Staphylococcus aureus is catalase-positive,
C) Enterococcus faecalis is gamma-hemolytic, and
D) Neisseria gonorrhoeae is a Gram-negative diplococcus.
Therefore, based on the given information, S. pneumoniae is the most likely causative agent of the sepsis.
Question 5 of 5
The bacteria that produces a thick pseudomembrane in the throat is:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale:
Rationale:
1. Corynebacterium diphtheriae is the correct answer as it is the bacteria responsible for causing diphtheria, characterized by a thick pseudomembrane in the throat.
2. Streptococcus pyogenes causes strep throat but does not produce a pseudomembrane.
3. Neisseria meningitidis causes meningitis and septicemia, not a throat pseudomembrane.
4. Bacillus cereus causes food poisoning, not throat-related symptoms.