microbiology an introduction test bank -Nurselytic

Correct Answer: A

Rationale:
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Trichomonas vaginalis.
1. Symptoms of urogenital inflammation match Trichomonas vaginalis infection.
2. Description matches Trichomonas vaginalis characteristics: pear-shaped, pointed spike, big nucleus, undulating membrane.
3. Trichomonas hominis and buccalis do not typically infect urogenital tracts.
4. Trypanosoma gambiense causes African trypanosomiasis, not urogenital infections.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Identification. Bacteria are studied by identification to determine their specific characteristics and differentiate between different species. Taxonomy (
A) is the science of classification, not specific to bacteria. Classification (
B) is the process of grouping organisms based on shared characteristics, not specific to bacteria. Nomenclature (
D) is the naming system for organisms, not the primary method for studying bacteria.
Therefore, identification (
C) is the correct choice for studying bacteria.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B (2). During glycolysis, one glucose molecule is broken down into two molecules of pyruvate. In this process, a net gain of 2 ATP molecules is produced through substrate-level phosphorylation. Specifically, ATP is generated during the conversion of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate to 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate and during the conversion of phosphoenolpyruvate to pyruvate. The other choices are incorrect because the net gain of ATP molecules in glycolysis is not 1, 3, or 4; it is 2 based on the specific enzymatic reactions involved in the pathway.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: microvilli. Pili are hair-like structures found on the surface of some bacteria, while microvilli are microscopic cellular projections that increase surface area for absorption in cells like intestinal cells. Pili are involved in bacterial adhesion, while microvilli are important for nutrient absorption.
Therefore, the correct answer is B.

Incorrect choices:
A: Fimbriae are short, thin appendages found on the surface of some bacteria, mainly used for adhesion.
C: Cilia are hair-like structures found on the surface of some eukaryotic cells, often involved in movement or sensory functions.
D: Flagella are long, whip-like appendages used for bacterial motility.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The primary target of beta-lactam antibiotics is cell wall synthesis. These antibiotics inhibit enzymes called penicillin-binding proteins, which are essential for building the bacterial cell wall. By disrupting cell wall synthesis, beta-lactam antibiotics weaken the cell wall, leading to bacterial cell lysis and death. Protein synthesis (
Choice
A), DNA replication (
Choice
B), and folic acid synthesis (
Choice
D) are not directly targeted by beta-lactam antibiotics, making them incorrect choices.