ATI RN
microbiology an introduction test bank Questions
Question 1 of 5
Methods typically used to diagnose bacterial infections of the reproductive system include:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale:
Step-by-step rationale for choice A being correct:
1. Microscopic examination of discharge from infected organ allows direct visualization of bacteria causing the infection.
2. Microscopic examination of urine for organisms can help identify any bacteria present in the urinary tract.
3. Both methods are specific for diagnosing bacterial infections in the reproductive system.
Summary:
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Choice B is incorrect as biopsy is invasive and not typically used for diagnosing bacterial infections.
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Choice C is incorrect as fecal samples and urine protein tests are not relevant for diagnosing bacterial infections in the reproductive system.
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Choice D is incorrect as antibody agglutination and coagulation tests are not primary methods for diagnosing bacterial infections in the reproductive system.
Question 2 of 5
Medical examination of the first-year pupils included Mantoux test. 15 pupils out of 35 had negative reaction. What actions should be taken against children with negative reaction?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: BCG vaccination. The Mantoux test is used to detect tuberculosis infection. A negative reaction means the child is not infected. BCG vaccination is recommended for individuals without prior TB infection to prevent severe forms of the disease. Antitoxin and rabies vaccinations are not related to TB and are not indicated in this scenario. Repeating the Mantoux test is unnecessary since a negative result indicates absence of TB infection.
Question 3 of 5
Which bacteria are capable of surviving in anoxic (oxygen-free) conditions?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Obligate anaerobes. These bacteria can only survive in the absence of oxygen as they lack the enzymes needed for aerobic respiration. They typically use fermentation or anaerobic respiration for energy production.
Incorrect choices:
B: Facultative anaerobes can switch between aerobic and anaerobic metabolism based on oxygen availability.
C: Obligate aerobes require oxygen for survival and cannot survive in anoxic conditions.
D: Microaerophiles require low levels of oxygen for growth and are not capable of surviving in completely anoxic conditions.
Question 4 of 5
In a village, a case of anthrax had been registered. Medical services began epidemiologically indicated specific prophylaxis of population against anthrax. What preparation was used for this purpose?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Anatoxin. An anatoxin is a preparation that contains inactivated toxins produced by the anthrax-causing bacteria. By administering anatoxin, the population can develop immunity against the toxin without being exposed to the live bacteria. This specific prophylaxis approach helps prevent the development of anthrax infection by targeting the toxin itself.
Summary:
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Choice B (Inactivated vaccine) is incorrect because an inactivated vaccine typically contains killed or inactivated whole bacteria, not just the toxins.
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Choice C (Chemical vaccine) is incorrect as there is no such thing as a chemical vaccine; vaccines are biological preparations.
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Choice D (Genetically engineered vaccine) is incorrect because while vaccines can be genetically engineered, the specific term "genetically engineered vaccine" does not accurately describe the prophylaxis used against anthrax in this scenario.
Question 5 of 5
While registering the child to the school Mantoux's test was made to define whether revaccination was needed test result is negative. What does this result of the test mean?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale:
Step 1: Mantoux test measures cell-mediated immunity response to tuberculosis.
Step 2: A negative result means no significant immune response to TB antigens.
Step 3: Option A is incorrect, as it refers to antitoxic immunity, not cell immunity.
Step 4: Option B is incorrect, as it mentions antibodies, not cell-mediated immunity.
Step 5: Option C is incorrect, as it states absence of antibodies, not cell immunity.
Step 6: Option D is correct as it directly correlates with the purpose of Mantoux test.