microbiology an introduction test bank -Nurselytic

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because reinfection is indeed possible with rabies virus.
Step 1: Reinfection occurs if a person is exposed to the virus again after initial infection.
Step 2: Once infected, the virus can remain dormant in the body and become active upon re-exposure.
Step 3:
Therefore, it is essential to continue preventive measures even after initial immunization. Summary:

Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because antibodies develop within 14-15 days post-immunization, HRIG is administered shortly after exposure, and a specific vaccination schedule is followed for rabies prophylaxis, respectively.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, "All of the above." Bacterial meningitis can be caused by Neisseria meningitidis, Haemophilus influenzae, and Streptococcus pneumoniae. These bacteria are common pathogens associated with meningitis. Each of them can lead to serious infections in the brain and spinal cord. Neisseria meningitidis is known for causing meningococcal meningitis, Haemophilus influenzae is a common cause of H. influenzae meningitis, and Streptococcus pneumoniae is responsible for pneumococcal meningitis.
Therefore, since all three bacteria can cause bacterial meningitis, the correct answer is D.

Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because each of these bacteria individually can cause bacterial meningitis; it is not limited to just one specific type.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Gram-negative bacteria. Gram-negative bacteria have an outer membrane containing lipopolysaccharides (LPS). In the Gram staining technique, these bacteria appear pink/red due to the thin peptidoglycan layer, which allows the crystal violet stain to be washed out, revealing the safranin counterstain. Gram-positive bacteria (choice
A) have a thick peptidoglycan layer but lack an outer membrane with LPS.
Choice C is incorrect since only Gram-negative bacteria possess LPS in their outer membrane.
Choice D is incorrect as all bacteria can be classified as either Gram-positive or Gram-negative based on their cell wall structure.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because the defense role of the skin is not related to lysozyme activity. Lysozyme is an enzyme found in tears, saliva, and mucus, not specifically in the skin. The skin's defense role is primarily related to its physical barrier function, low pH creating an acidic environment that inhibits microbial growth, secretion of antimicrobial peptides, and the activity of skin macrophages that phagocytose pathogens.

Choices A, B, and C are true statements as they correctly describe different aspects of the skin's defense mechanisms.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale:
Rationale: Metronidazole is the drug of choice for systemic amebiasis due to its high efficacy against Entamoeba histolytica. It has good tissue penetration and can treat intestinal, liver, and lung involvement. Quiniofone (
A) has limited use and is not recommended for amebiasis. Enteroseptol (
B) is not effective against systemic amebiasis. Tetracycline (
D) is not the first-line treatment for amebiasis and has limited efficacy against Entamoeba histolytica.