ATI RN
ATI Pharmacology Practice Exam B Questions
Question 1 of 5
Regarding diazepam:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Diazepam, a benzodiazepine, has active metabolites (e.g., desmethyldiazepam) with longer half-lives, contributing to its effects, so that's false. Activated charcoal is effective in overdose by adsorbing diazepam, reducing absorption, a true statement and standard intervention. It undergoes minimal, not extensive, enterohepatic recirculation, making that false. It's a GABA agonist, enhancing chloride influx via benzodiazepine receptors, not an antagonist, so that's incorrect. It also inhibits spinal reflexes, aiding muscle relaxation. The overdose utility of charcoal highlights its role in emergency management, binding unabsorbed drug in the gut, a key pharmacokinetic intervention distinct from flumazenil reversal.
Question 2 of 5
Chris asks the nurse whether all donor blood products are cross-matched with the recipient to prevent a transfusion reaction. Which of the following always require cross-matching?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Packed red blood cells (PRBCs) always require cross-matching to ensure compatibility between the donor and recipient blood types. Cross-matching involves testing the recipient's serum against the donor's red cells to detect antibodies that could cause a transfusion reaction. Granulocytes, platelets, and plasma do not require cross-matching in the same way, although they may undergo other compatibility tests. PRBCs are the most critical to match correctly due to the risk of hemolytic reactions, which can be life-threatening.
Question 3 of 5
A 13-year-old boy with moderate asthma presents to the clinic for follow-up. His symptoms appear to be better controlled since adding salmeterol to his regimen. He has had to use his rescue inhaler once over the past 2 weeks during exertion. His breathing at night has improved as well. How does salmeterol exhibit its beneficial effects for asthma?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Salmeterol improves asthma as a long-acting β2-agonist , relaxing bronchial smooth muscle for 12 hours. β1 agonism (A,
C) affects the heart. β1 antagonism or β2 antagonism (E) worsen asthma. Salmeterol's specificity enhances control.
Question 4 of 5
Which of the following antipsychotic agents is available in a LAI formulation that may be useful for patients with difficulty adhering to therapy?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Risperidone, a second-generation antipsychotic, offers a long-acting injectable (LAI) formulation (e.g., Risperdal Consta), administered every two weeks, improving adherence in schizophrenia patients with poor oral compliance. Asenapine is sublingual, not LAI. Chlorpromazine, a first-generation drug, lacks an LAI form. Clozapine, effective for treatment-resistant cases, is oral only due to agranulocytosis monitoring. Quetiapine has no LAI. Risperidone's LAI ensures steady drug levels, reducing relapse risk, making it ideal for adherence challenges, per clinical use.
Question 5 of 5
What is the category status for the drug Omeprazole?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Omeprazole is classified as an anti-ulcer agent. It belongs to a class of medications known as proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) that work by reducing the amount of acid produced in the stomach. Omeprazole is commonly used to treat conditions such as gastroesophageal reflux disease (GER
D), ulcers, and Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. It is not a laxative, anti-heartburn medication, or antianemic drug.