ATI Pathophysiology Exam 1 - Nurselytic

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Rh antigen. In addition to ABO antigens, Rh antigen must also be matched for a blood transfusion. Rh antigen compatibility is crucial to prevent adverse reactions.
Choice A, HLA type, is not directly related to blood transfusions but plays a role in organ transplantation.
Choice C, Immunoglobulins, are not typically matched for blood transfusions.
Choice D, Platelet compatibility, while important in specific cases, is not a standard requirement for all blood transfusions.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A. Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is indeed associated with an increased risk of venous thromboembolism.
Therefore, patients should be educated about the signs and symptoms of blood clots and advised to seek immediate medical attention if they occur.
Choice B is incorrect because although HRT may decrease the risk of osteoporosis, the focus of concern in this case is the increased risk of venous thromboembolism.
Choice C is incorrect as it mentions the risk of breast cancer, which is not the primary concern when discussing HRT with a patient with a history of venous thromboembolism.
Choice D is also incorrect as it mentions cardiovascular events, which are not the main focus of risk associated with HRT in this scenario.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct recommendation for pain at the injection site after an influenza vaccination is Acetaminophen. Acetaminophen is a suitable choice for managing mild to moderate pain and fever commonly associated with vaccinations.
Choice A, ASA (aspirin), is not recommended due to the risk of Reye's syndrome in children and teenagers following viral illnesses.
Choice C, Meperidine (Demerol), is a potent opioid analgesic and is not typically indicated for mild pain relief.
Choice D, heat application, is not the standard recommendation for pain at an injection site and may not provide adequate relief.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. Immunization involves administering an antigen, such as a weakened or killed microorganism, to stimulate the immune system to produce an antibody response. This process helps the body recognize and remember specific pathogens, providing immunity against future infections.
Choice A is incorrect because immunizations are administered to the infant directly, not to the pregnant woman before birth.
Choice C is incorrect as there is no scientific evidence linking immunizations to autism.
Choice D is incorrect as immunizations protect against infectious agents, not antibodies.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Right-sided heart failure is characterized by peripheral edema, which results from the buildup of fluid in the body. This fluid accumulates in the extremities due to the heart's inability to effectively pump blood forward.

Choices A, B, and D are incorrect. Immunosuppression is not a typical feature of right-sided heart failure. Pulmonary edema is more commonly associated with left-sided heart failure, where fluid accumulates in the lungs. Coughing is a symptom that can be present in various conditions but is not a defining characteristic of right-sided heart failure.