ATI RN
Pharmacology ATI Final Questions
Question 1 of 5
The nurse is reviewing the plan of care for a patient receiving enteral therapy. What is the most common complication of enteral therapy?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Diarrhea is the most common complication of enteral therapy, often due to formula composition, administration rate, or bacterial contamination. Aspiration (
A) is a serious but less common complication. Constipation (
B) and muscle weakness (
D) are not typically associated with enteral therapy.
Question 2 of 5
Nonselective adrenergic blocking agents have a variety of therapeutic uses. Which agent is used for the treatment of heart failure?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Carvedilol is available orally and is used to treat hypertension as well as congestive heart failure and left ventricular dysfunction after a myocardial infarction. Sotalol is a nonselective beta-adrenergic blocking agent used to treat potentially life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias and to maintain normal sinus rhythm in patients with atrial fibrillation or flutter. Propranolol is a nonselective beta-adrenergic blocking agent used for treatment of hypertension, angina, idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis (IHSS) induced palpitations, angina and syncope, some cardiac arrhythmias induced by catecholamines or digoxin, pheochromocytoma; prevention of reinfarction after myocardial infarction; prophylaxis for migraine headache (which may be caused by vasodilation and is relieved by vasoconstriction, although the exact action is not clearly understood); prevention of stage fright (which is a sympathetic stress reaction to a particular situation); and treatment of essential tremors. Tamsulosin is used to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia and is an alpha1-selective adrenergic blocking agent.
Question 3 of 5
The patient receives imipramine (Tofranil) as treatment for depression. He is admitted to the emergency department following an intentional overdose of this medication. What will the priority assessment by the nurse include?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Imipramine, a tricyclic antidepressant, is highly cardiotoxic in overdose, often causing fatal dysrhythmias due to sodium channel blockade, leading to widened QRS complexes and ventricular arrhythmias. The priority assessment must focus on cardiac status to detect life-threatening changes like tachycardia or arrhythmias, requiring immediate intervention such as sodium bicarbonate or cardioversion. Liver function and renal status may be affected long-term but aren't the acute priority in overdose. Neurological function , while impacted (e.g., seizures), is secondary to cardiac risks, as circulatory collapse poses the greatest immediate threat. The nurse's focus on cardiac monitoring aligns with toxicology protocols, ensuring rapid response to the most lethal complication, making choice A the critical assessment in this emergency scenario.
Question 4 of 5
A pregnant woman is experiencing hypertension. The nurse knows that which drug is commonly used for a pregnant patient who is experiencing hypertension?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Methyldopa is the preferred antihypertensive medication for pregnant women experiencing hypertension. It has been extensively studied and considered safe for both the mother and the fetus. Methyldopa has been shown to effectively lower blood pressure in pregnant women without causing harm to the developing fetus. Other antihypertensive medications, such as Enalapril (Vasote) and Hydrochlorothiazide (HydroDIURIL), are contraindicated during pregnancy as they can cause harm to the fetus. Mannitol (Osmitrol) is an osmotic diuretic primarily used for reducing intracranial pressure or treating cerebral edema, not for hypertension in pregnancy.
Therefore, Methyldopa is the right choice for a pregnant patient with hypertension.
Question 5 of 5
The following are subject to extensive presystemic (first-pass) metabolism:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Morphine undergoes extensive first-pass metabolism in the liver, which reduces its oral bioavailability significantly.