ATI RN
Pharmacology ATI Final Questions
Question 1 of 5
The client receives nystatin (Nilstat) for a fungal infection in the mouth. The nurse plans to do medication education prior to discharge. What will the best plan by the nurse include?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Nystatin treats oral thrush by direct mucosal contact, requiring the tablet to dissolve in the mouth for prolonged exposure before swallowing. This maximizes antifungal action against Candida. Using a straw might apply to suspensions but isn't standard for discoloration prevention, which isn't a primary issue. Crushing and mixing with juice reduces contact time, decreasing efficacy. Swallowing whole bypasses the infection site, rendering it ineffective. The nurse's best plan educates on dissolving the tablet, aligning with nystatin's topical mechanism, ensuring treatment success and preventing recurrence, making A the optimal instruction.
Question 2 of 5
When assessing a patient who is receiving a loop diuretic, the nurse looks for the manifestations of potassium deficiency, which would include what symptoms? (Select all that apply.)
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Loop diuretics can cause potassium deficiency (hypokalemia), leading to symptoms such as muscle weakness. The other symptoms listed, including dyspnea, constipation, tinnitus, anorexia, and lethargy, are not typically associated with potassium deficiency.
Question 3 of 5
A patient has overdosed on Warfarin, what should be given to the patient to be reveresed?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Warfarin is an anticoagulant medication that works by inhibiting vitamin K-dependent clotting factors in the body. Overdosing on warfarin can lead to excessive bleeding due to the lack of functional clotting factors.
To reverse the effects of warfarin overdose, Vitamin K is given because it helps the body restore the levels of clotting factors that were reduced by warfarin. Vitamin K promotes the synthesis of clotting factors II, VII, IX, and X, which allows the blood to clot effectively again.
Therefore, in the case of a warfarin overdose, Vitamin K is the appropriate antidote to help reverse the anticoagulant effects.
Question 4 of 5
A patient suffering from attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is placed on atomoxetine. A drug that has a similar mechanism of action to atomoxetine is
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Atomoxetine treats ADHD by selectively inhibiting norepinephrine (NE) reuptake, increasing NE and dopamine in the prefrontal cortex to improve attention and impulse control, without stimulant properties. Methylphenidate blocks DA and NE reuptake but is a stimulant, differing in profile and abuse potential. Botulinum toxin affects neuromuscular junctions, unrelated to ADHD. Clonidine, an alpha-2 agonist, reduces NE release, calming hyperactivity but not via reuptake. Amitriptyline, a TCA, inhibits NE and 5HT reuptake, with broader effects and sedation, used off-label for ADHD in some cases. Its NE reuptake inhibition parallels atomoxetine's core mechanism, though it's less selective and not first-line. Among these, amitriptyline's shared NE focus makes it mechanistically closest.
Question 5 of 5
Regarding opioids:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Neonates have an immature blood-brain barrier, increasing opioid penetration, not blocking it, so that's false. Spinal analgesia involves mu, delta, and kappa receptors, not just one type, making that false. Depressed CO2 response is the most reliable sign of opioid-induced respiratory depression, a true statement, reflecting medullary suppression.
Tolerance to miosis develops minimally, unlike analgesia, so that's false. Addison's patients are hypersensitive to opioids due to cortisol lack. The CO2 response is a key monitoring parameter in opioid overdose.