ATI RN
microbiology chapter 12 test bank Questions
Question 1 of 5
The term used to indicate the extent to which a drug reaches its site of action is:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: bioavailability. Bioavailability refers to the extent and rate at which a drug reaches its site of action in the body. This includes factors such as absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion.
Rationale:
1. Bioactivity refers to the pharmacological effect of a drug, not how effectively it reaches its site of action.
2. Bioremediation is the process of using organisms to remove or neutralize pollutants, not related to drug delivery.
3. Biostasis refers to a state of equilibrium or balance in living organisms, not related to drug transport to its site of action.
In summary, bioavailability is the most appropriate term as it specifically addresses the process of a drug reaching its intended target within the body, distinguishing it from the other choices.
Question 2 of 5
A 33 year old patient was delivered to the infectious diseases department on the 7-th day of disease. He complained about great weakness, high temperature, pain in the lumbar area and leg muscles, icteritiousness, dark color of urine, headache. The acute disease started with chill, body temperature rise up to 40oC, headache, pain in the lumbar area and sural muscles. Icterus turned up on the 4th day, nasal and scleral haemorrhages came on the 5th day. Fever has lasted for 6 days. Diuresis - 200 ml. What is the most probable diagnosis?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The most probable diagnosis is Leptospirosis. The symptoms described align with the classic presentation of Leptospirosis, such as fever, muscle pain, headache, jaundice, and hemorrhages. The initial symptoms of chills, high fever, and muscle pain followed by jaundice and hemorrhages are characteristic of Leptospirosis. The presence of dark urine and low diuresis also point towards kidney involvement, which is common in Leptospirosis due to renal failure. Additionally, the patient's history of potential exposure to contaminated water or soil supports the diagnosis, as Leptospirosis is commonly transmitted through contact with infected animal urine.
Summary of other choices:
- Typhoid fever typically presents with sustained fever, abdominal pain, and constipation, not matching the symptoms described.
- Virus A hepatitis usually presents with jaundice, but other symptoms such as muscle pain and hemorrhages are not typical.
- Sepsis is a systemic response
Question 3 of 5
On the base of the clinical data a child was diagnosed with atypical pneumonia resistant to the effects of beta-lactam antibiotics. The patient's sputum was cultured and incubated in a special medium, which resulted in growth of microorganisms forming microscopic colonies with a dense center (looking like fried eggs). What microorganism caused the disease?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Mycoplasma pneumoniae. Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a common cause of atypical pneumonia and is known to be resistant to beta-lactam antibiotics. The description of microorganisms forming microscopic colonies with a dense center resembling fried eggs is characteristic of Mycoplasma pneumoniae colonies seen on special media.
Summary of other choices:
B: Klebsiella pneumoniae is not typically associated with atypical pneumonia and does not exhibit the described colony morphology.
C: Streptococcus pneumoniae is not resistant to beta-lactam antibiotics and does not produce colonies with the described appearance.
D: Legionella pneumophila is associated with Legionnaires' disease, not atypical pneumonia, and does not form colonies resembling fried eggs.
Question 4 of 5
The term bacilli is related to:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The term bacilli refers to rod-shaped bacteria, typically found in the Gram-positive group. Spore-forming bacteria, such as Bacillus and Clostridium, are characterized by their rod shape.
Choice A is incorrect as the color in Gram staining does not define bacilli.
Choice C is incorrect as peptidoglycan content does not determine the classification of bacilli.
Choice D is incorrect as bacilli do have a specific characteristic.
Therefore, the correct answer is B due to the shape and characteristic of spore-forming bacteria.
Question 5 of 5
Sanitary and bacteriological examination of air in drug-store premises revealed increased content of sanitary representative microorganisms. What microorganisms are these?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A (Golden staphylococcus and hemolytic streptococcus) because these microorganisms are commonly found in the air of contaminated environments like drug-store premises. Golden staphylococcus and hemolytic streptococcus are pathogenic bacteria associated with infections in humans, indicating poor sanitation. The other choices are incorrect because:
B: Diphtheria and tuberculosis bacilli are not commonly found in the air in drug-store premises.
C: Colon and blue pus bacilli are not typical microorganisms associated with air contamination.
D: Epidermal staphylococcus and sarcina are not likely to be present in high amounts in the air of drug-store premises.