microbiology an introduction 12th edition test bank -Nurselytic

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Subcutaneous mycoses are fungal infections that affect the skin, subcutaneous tissues, and bones. The correct answer is A: tropics, as these infections are more commonly found in warm and humid regions. Fungi that cause subcutaneous mycoses thrive in tropical climates due to the favorable conditions for their growth and transmission.

Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because deserts (
B) have dry conditions not conducive to fungal growth, forests of the Northern Hemisphere (
C) have varying climates that may not support the specific fungi causing subcutaneous mycoses, and the Rocky Mountains (
D) are not typically associated with the high humidity required for these infections.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C (Both A and
B) because both Bacillus anthracis and Clostridium botulinum are capable of forming spores to survive in harsh environments. Bacillus anthracis causes anthrax and forms spores that can survive extreme conditions. Clostridium botulinum causes botulism and also forms spores for survival. Option A (Bacillus anthracis) and Option B (Clostridium botulinum) are incorrect on their own because they only represent one of the bacteria capable of forming spores. Option D (None of the above) is incorrect because it disregards the fact that both bacteria can form spores.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D (All of the above) because different bacteria can cause pneumonia. Streptococcus pneumoniae is the most common cause of community-acquired pneumonia. Mycobacterium tuberculosis causes tuberculosis, which can lead to pneumonia. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a common cause of hospital-acquired pneumonia.
Therefore, all three bacteria can be responsible for causing pneumonia in different contexts.

Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because each bacterium individually can cause pneumonia, so selecting only one option would not cover the full spectrum of bacterial causes of pneumonia.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Transformation. During transformation, bacteria take up foreign DNA from the environment and incorporate it into their own genetic material. This process allows for genetic diversity and adaptation. Transduction (
B) involves transfer of DNA via a virus, conjugation (
C) involves direct transfer of DNA between bacterial cells, and binary fission (
D) is a form of asexual reproduction in bacteria. Transformation is the only process specifically related to bacteria taking up foreign DNA.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: prophage. In the repressed stage, a phage integrates its DNA into the host cell's chromosome, becoming a prophage. This integration allows the phage to replicate along with the host cell without causing immediate lysis.
A: Antiphage is not a term used to describe a phage in a repressed stage.
C: Virulent phage refers to a phage that immediately causes lysis of the host cell.
D: Latent phage is not a commonly used term in this context.