ATI Pathophysiology Exam 3 - Nurselytic

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The sinoatrial node (SA node) in the atrium is indeed responsible for initiating the electrical impulse that starts the heart's rhythm. The SA node is known as the heart's natural pacemaker.

Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because while the Purkinje fibers, bundle branches, and atrioventricular node play crucial roles in the conduction of the electrical impulse throughout the heart, the SA node is specifically responsible for initiating this impulse.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Appendicitis. The symptoms described - lower right quadrant abdominal pain, fever, nausea, diarrhea, and tenderness upon palpation - are classic signs of appendicitis. Appendicitis is an inflammatory condition of the appendix that often presents with these symptoms and requires immediate medical attention.
Choice A, Pseudomembranous colitis, typically presents with watery diarrhea and is associated with antibiotic use.
Choice B, Peptic ulcer disease, commonly presents with epigastric pain related to meals and can be accompanied by nausea or vomiting, but it does not typically cause right lower quadrant pain.
Choice D, Esophageal cancer, usually presents with symptoms related to swallowing difficulties, weight loss, and sometimes chest pain, but it is not associated with the symptoms described in the scenario.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Renin is the correct answer. When arterial blood pressure decreases, the kidneys release renin, which triggers a series of reactions ultimately leading to an increase in blood pressure and peripheral resistance. Antidiuretic hormone (choice
B) is involved in water retention, atrial natriuretic hormone (choice
C) promotes sodium excretion and lowers blood pressure, and insulin (choice
D) regulates glucose metabolism, not blood pressure.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Contact dermatitis is typically caused by contact with a skin allergen that triggers an allergic reaction.
Choice A, fungal infection, is incorrect as contact dermatitis is not caused by fungi.
Choice B, long-term disorder from gout, is also incorrect as gout is not typically associated with contact dermatitis.
Choice D, Staphylococcal infection, is incorrect as contact dermatitis is primarily an allergic reaction rather than a bacterial infection.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Reperfusion injury refers to the secondary injury that occurs after blood flow is reestablished following ischemia. This process leads to tissue damage due to the sudden reintroduction of oxygen and nutrients, causing oxidative stress, inflammation, and cell death.
Choice A is incorrect as it describes the normal healing process of bone tissue after a fracture.
Choice B is incorrect as it describes specific mechanisms related to skin wounds, not reperfusion injury.
Choice D is incorrect as it refers to a different concept, which is adverse reactions or complications that can occur after a blood transfusion, not reperfusion injury.