ATI Pathophysiology Exam 3 - Nurselytic

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The sinoatrial node (SA node) in the atrium is indeed responsible for initiating the electrical impulse that starts the heart's rhythm. The SA node is known as the heart's natural pacemaker.

Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because while the Purkinje fibers, bundle branches, and atrioventricular node play crucial roles in the conduction of the electrical impulse throughout the heart, the SA node is specifically responsible for initiating this impulse.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Increased energy and strength. Leukemia and lymphoma typically present with symptoms such as fatigue, weakness, increased risk of bleeding, and increased risk of infections. Patients with these conditions often experience a lack of energy and strength due to the disease's impact on the body.
Therefore, increased energy and strength are not typical manifestations of leukemia and lymphoma.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Insufficient circulating blood volume. Hypovolemia is a condition characterized by a decrease in the volume of blood plasma. This reduction in circulating blood volume can lead to inadequate perfusion of tissues and organs, potentially resulting in shock if left untreated.

Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because increased urine retention, bounding peripheral pulses, and crackles auscultated in the lungs are not typical manifestations of hypovolemia.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Renin is the correct answer. When arterial blood pressure decreases, the kidneys release renin, which triggers a series of reactions ultimately leading to an increase in blood pressure and peripheral resistance. Antidiuretic hormone (choice
B) is involved in water retention, atrial natriuretic hormone (choice
C) promotes sodium excretion and lowers blood pressure, and insulin (choice
D) regulates glucose metabolism, not blood pressure.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Contact dermatitis is typically caused by contact with a skin allergen that triggers an allergic reaction.
Choice A, fungal infection, is incorrect as contact dermatitis is not caused by fungi.
Choice B, long-term disorder from gout, is also incorrect as gout is not typically associated with contact dermatitis.
Choice D, Staphylococcal infection, is incorrect as contact dermatitis is primarily an allergic reaction rather than a bacterial infection.