ATI RN
Critical Care Nursing Cardiac Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
Renin plays a role in blood pressure regulation by
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because renin activates the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone cascade, which ultimately leads to vasoconstriction, increased blood pressure, and aldosterone release to increase sodium and water reabsorption. Renin does not suppress angiotensin production (
B), decrease sodium reabsorption (
C), or inhibit aldosterone release (
D), as these actions would counteract its role in blood pressure regulation.
Question 2 of 5
Conditions that produce acute kidney injury by directly acting on functioning kidney tissue are classified as intrarenal. The most common intrarenal condition is
Correct Answer: C
Rationale:
Rationale:
1. Acute tubular necrosis (ATN) is the most common intrarenal condition as it directly affects kidney tubules.
2. ATN is characterized by damage to renal tubular cells due to various factors like toxins or ischemia.
3. Prolonged ischemia (choice
A) can lead to ATN but is not the most common intrarenal condition.
4. Exposure to nephrotoxic substances (choice
B) can cause ATN, but ATN itself is more common.
5. Hypotension for several hours (choice
D) can result in ischemia and subsequent ATN, but ATN is still the primary intrarenal condition.
Question 3 of 5
In determining the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) or creatinine clearance, a 24-hour urine is obtained. If a reliable 24-hour urine collection is not possible,
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because when a reliable 24-hour urine collection is not possible, a standardized formula can be used to estimate GFR. The Cockcroft-Gault equation or the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDR
D) equation are commonly used formulas to estimate GFR based on serum creatinine levels, age, gender, and race. These formulas provide a reasonable estimation of kidney function in the absence of a 24-hour urine collection.
Choice A is incorrect because there are alternative methods available to estimate GFR.
Choice B is incorrect because BUN alone is not sufficient to accurately determine renal function.
Choice C is incorrect because an elevated BUN/creatinine ratio is not a direct measure of GFR and may be influenced by factors other than kidney function, such as hydration status or liver function.
Question 4 of 5
The patient is admitted to the unit with the diagnosis of rhabdomyolysis. The patient is started on intravenous (IV) fluids and IV mannitol. What action by the nurse is best?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Assess the patient’s lungs. Rhabdomyolysis can lead to acute kidney injury due to myoglobin release from damaged muscle cells. IV fluids and mannitol are given to prevent kidney damage by promoting myoglobin excretion. Assessing the patient’s lungs is crucial to monitor for potential complications such as acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) which can occur as a result of rhabdomyolysis. This assessment helps to ensure early detection and prompt intervention if respiratory issues arise.
Summary of Incorrect
Choices:
A: Assess the patient’s hearing - This is not directly related to rhabdomyolysis or its treatment.
C: Decrease IV fluids once the diuretic has been administered - Decreasing IV fluids can exacerbate kidney injury in rhabdomyolysis.
D: Give extra doses before giving radiological contrast agents - Mannitol is not routinely given before radiological contrast agents in the context of rhabdomyolysis management.
Question 5 of 5
The patient has a temporary percutaneous catheter in place for treatment of acute kidney injury. The catheter has been in place for 5 days. The nurse should
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because after 5 days, the risk of infection increases. Evaluating the patient for signs and symptoms of infection is crucial for early detection and treatment.
Choice A is incorrect because routine dialysis catheter changes are not necessary after only 5 days.
Choice C is incorrect as percutaneous catheters are for short-term use.
Choice D is incorrect as using the catheter for fluid administration may increase the risk of infection.