Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Ambulating a patient. Direct care interventions involve hands-on activities directly impacting patient outcomes. Ambulating a patient is a direct care intervention as it involves physically assisting the patient to move, promoting circulation, preventing complications, and improving overall well-being. Inserting a feeding tube (
B) and performing resuscitation (
C) are also direct care interventions as they involve immediate patient care actions. Documenting wound care (
D) is not a direct care intervention as it involves recording information about a care activity rather than physically performing the care itself.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Diarrhea. Antibiotics can disrupt the normal balance of gut bacteria, leading to diarrhea. This occurs due to the overgrowth of harmful bacteria in the intestines. Monitoring for diarrhea is crucial to prevent dehydration and further complications. Platelet dysfunction (
A), stomatitis (
B), and oliguria/dysuria (
C) are not typically associated with the disruption of normal flora by antibiotics. These symptoms are more likely related to other conditions or side effects of medications, making them incorrect choices in this scenario.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP). PCP is the most common opportunistic infection in AIDS due to the weakened immune system, making patients vulnerable to this fungal infection. PCP is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in AIDS patients.
Toxoplasmosis (
B) is also common but not as prevalent as PCP in AIDS. Candidiasis (
C) is a common fungal infection but not the most common in AIDS. Mycoplasma pneumoniae (
D) is a bacterial infection and not typically considered an opportunistic infection in AIDS.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale:
Correct Answer: C - ACTH


Rationale:
1. ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone) can help control symptoms and induce remission in multiple sclerosis by reducing inflammation.
2. ACTH stimulates the production of cortisol, a natural anti-inflammatory hormone.
3. By reducing inflammation in the central nervous system, ACTH can help manage symptoms and promote remission.

Summary of other choices:
A: Acyclovir - Antiviral medication used to treat herpes infections, not effective for multiple sclerosis.
B: Thyrotropin - Hormone that stimulates thyroid function, not used in the treatment of multiple sclerosis.
D: Benadryl - Antihistamine used for allergies and itching, not indicated for multiple sclerosis management.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because developing a standard formal nursing diagnosis helps nurses focus on the scope of their practice. By identifying specific patient problems and their potential causes, nurses can provide appropriate interventions and evaluate patient outcomes effectively. This process enhances the quality of care delivery and promotes patient safety.

A: This is incorrect because nursing diagnoses are not meant to be a language exclusive to nurses but rather a standardized way to communicate patient data.
B: This is incorrect as nursing diagnoses are not about distinguishing roles but rather about identifying and addressing patient problems.
C: This is incorrect as nursing diagnoses are based on evidence and critical thinking, not solely on intuition.