Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Palliative surgery. In this scenario, the patient's colon cancer has already progressed to stage IV with metastasis to the liver, indicating an advanced and incurable condition. Palliative surgery aims to alleviate symptoms, improve quality of life, and prolong survival without aiming for a cure. Reconstructive surgery (
B) is typically done to restore form or function, which is not the primary goal in this case. Salvage surgery (
C) is usually performed to rescue a situation where initial treatment has failed, which is not the case here. Prophylactic surgery (
D) is preventive and is not appropriate in a situation where cancer is already present and advanced.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: The specific hormones secreted by the tumor. Pituitary adenomas are known to secrete hormones that can lead to various endocrine disorders. Understanding the specific hormones secreted by the tumor is crucial in determining the clinical manifestations and planning appropriate treatment.

Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because the primary determinant of the effects of the tumor in this case is the hormonal activity rather than whether the tumor uses aerobic or anaerobic respiration, the patient's pre-existing health status, or whether the tumor is primary or metastatic.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Uses humility. Critical thinking in nursing involves being open-minded, self-aware, and willing to consider different perspectives. Humility allows nurses to acknowledge their limitations, seek feedback, and continuously learn and improve. Instilling faith (
A) may be important but does not directly relate to critical thinking standards. Self-confidence (
C) can be beneficial, but excessive confidence can lead to closed-mindedness. Supportiveness (
D) is valuable in patient care but does not specifically demonstrate critical thinking standards. In summary, humility enables nurses to approach patient communication with an open and reflective mindset, essential for applying critical thinking standards effectively.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Working. In the working phase, the nurse and patient actively collaborate on achieving goals, such as weight reduction strategies. The nurse assesses, plans, and implements interventions with the patient. During this phase, the focus is on building trust, exploring feelings, and identifying and addressing issues. The other choices are incorrect because in the preinteraction phase (
A), there is no direct interaction yet, in the orientation phase (
B), the relationship is being established, and in the termination phase (
D), the relationship is coming to an end. Thus, the nurse being engaged in weight reduction strategies with the patient indicates that they are in the working phase of the helping relationship.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because therapeutic communication focuses on building a trusting relationship and understanding the patient's feelings and needs. By changing negative self-talk to positive self-talk, the nurse can help the patient develop a more positive outlook and improve self-esteem. This technique promotes effective communication by creating a supportive and non-judgmental environment.

Option B is incorrect because small group communication is not the primary focus of therapeutic communication. Option C is incorrect as electronic communication lacks the personal interaction needed for therapeutic communication. Option D is incorrect because intrapersonal communication involves self-reflection and is not directly related to building strong teams in the context of patient care.