ATI RN
ATI Proctored Exam Pharmacology Questions
Question 1 of 5
What is the purpose of “Tunneling†(inserting the catheter 2-4 inches under the skin) when the surgeon inserts a Hickman central catheter device?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Tunneling the catheter 2-4 inches under the skin creates a pathway that helps reduce the risk of infection. By placing the catheter deeper under the skin, there is less chance of bacteria entering the catheter exit site, which can lead to infections such as catheter-related bloodstream infections. Tunneling also promotes tissue ingrowth around the catheter, further helping to secure the catheter in place and reduce the risk of infection.
Question 2 of 5
What is the antidote for Warfarin?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Warfarin is an anticoagulant medication that works by inhibiting the action of vitamin K, reducing blood clotting. In cases of Warfarin overdose or excessive anticoagulation resulting in bleeding complications, the antidote is vitamin K. Vitamin K helps the liver produce clotting factors, which can counteract the effects of Warfarin and restore normal blood clotting. Other options such as Naloxone, Digibind, and Flumazenil are antidotes used for specific situations like opioid overdose, digoxin toxicity, and benzodiazepine overdose, respectively, and are not relevant for Warfarin antidote.
Question 3 of 5
A patient is taken to the trauma unit after a motorcycle accident. It is estimated that he has lost 30% of his blood volume and he is in hypovolemic shock. The nurse anticipates a transfusion with which blood product?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: In the case of a hypovolemic shock due to significant blood loss, the primary concern is to restore the lost blood volume quickly. Packed Red Blood Cells (PRBCs) contain a high concentration of red blood cells and are used to replenish oxygen-carrying capacity in cases of hemorrhage. PRBCs are the most appropriate blood product in this scenario as they can effectively increase the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood without overloading the patient with excess fluid volume like whole blood. Whole blood contains not only red blood cells but also plasma and other components, which may not be necessary for immediate volume resuscitation. Cryoprecipitate and Fresh Frozen Plasma (FFP) are usually indicated for specific coagulation factor deficiencies and are not the primary choice for treating hypovolemic shock. Thus, in this case, PRBCs are the most suitable blood product to address the acute blood loss and restore
Question 4 of 5
A patient comes to the office with a chief complaint of hair loss and peeling skin. The nurse notes many vitamins and minerals are on the medication list. The patient reports using vitamins to treat liver disease. The patient's complaint may be caused by an excess of which vitamin or mineral?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Excessive vitamin A can cause hypervitaminosis A, leading to symptoms such as hair loss, peeling skin, and liver toxicity. Zinc (
B), vitamin C (
C), and vitamin D (
D) are not typically associated with these symptoms. The nurse should assess the patient's vitamin A intake and advise moderation.
Question 5 of 5
A 19-year-old man is brought to the emergency room after being found by the police to be disruptive in a shopping mall. He states that he is hearing voices and seeing Jesus Christ. The police apprehended him because he was acting violently. He arrives in the emergency department and is combative. His blood pressure is 190/90 mm Hg. His core body temperature is 39°C. The most likely explanation for these findings is overdose of which of the following?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Hallucinations, violence, hypertension, and hyperthermia suggest phencyclidine (PCP) overdose . PCP, an NMDA antagonist, causes dissociative psychosis and sympathetic stimulation. Alcohol sedates, cocaine lacks hallucinations, marijuana doesn't cause violence, and Quaaludes (E) sedate. PCP's unique profile fits this acute, agitated presentation.