ATI RN
ATI Proctored Exam Pharmacology Questions
Question 1 of 5
A patient comes to the office with a chief complaint of hair loss and peeling skin. The nurse notes many vitamins and minerals are on the medication list. The patient reports using vitamins to treat liver disease. The patient's complaint may be caused by an excess of which vitamin or mineral?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Excessive vitamin A can cause hypervitaminosis A, leading to symptoms such as hair loss, peeling skin, and liver toxicity. Zinc (
B), vitamin C (
C), and vitamin D (
D) are not typically associated with these symptoms. The nurse should assess the patient's vitamin A intake and advise moderation.
Question 2 of 5
Which finding would most accurately indicate that a therapeutic range for a medication had been reached?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Therapeutic range balances efficacy-treating the condition (indication)-with safety, avoiding serious side effects, a clinical goal. No adverse effects alone doesn't confirm efficacy. Dose amount doesn't ensure range. Effectiveness with lethal effects exceeds range. Achieving indication safely defines therapeutic success, per pharmacology.
Question 3 of 5
Which of the following antihypertensives act on the vasomotor centre:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Prazosin, an alpha-1 blocker, acts peripherally, not on the vasomotor center. Methyldopa, a centrally acting α2 agonist, reduces sympathetic outflow from the vasomotor center, a true statement lowering blood pressure. Hydralazine dilates arteries directly, not centrally. Reserpine depletes catecholamines peripherally and centrally but isn't primarily vasomotor-focused. Losartan (likely misspelled) is an ARB, peripheral. Methyldopa's central action is key in pregnancy hypertension, offering a unique mechanism among antihypertensives.
Question 4 of 5
What is the pharmacological action of metformin?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Metformin is a first-line medication for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Its primary pharmacological action is to decrease hepatic glucose production by inhibiting gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis in the liver. This helps to lower blood glucose levels. Metformin also increases insulin sensitivity in peripheral tissues like muscle and fat, allowing tissues to better respond to insulin and take up glucose from the blood. This dual mechanism of action makes metformin an effective medication for managing blood glucose levels in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Question 5 of 5
What is the antidote for Warfarin?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Warfarin is an anticoagulant medication that works by inhibiting the action of vitamin K, reducing blood clotting. In cases of Warfarin overdose or excessive anticoagulation resulting in bleeding complications, the antidote is vitamin K. Vitamin K helps the liver produce clotting factors, which can counteract the effects of Warfarin and restore normal blood clotting. Other options such as Naloxone, Digibind, and Flumazenil are antidotes used for specific situations like opioid overdose, digoxin toxicity, and benzodiazepine overdose, respectively, and are not relevant for Warfarin antidote.