Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Fluorouracil, an antimetabolite chemotherapy drug, can cause myelosuppression, leading to a decrease in platelets (thrombocytopenia). Bleeding gums is a sign of low platelet counts and potential bleeding risk, which can be life-threatening if not addressed promptly. Nausea, decreased appetite, and constipation are common side effects of chemotherapy but are not as urgent as bleeding gums, which indicates a potential hematologic emergency. The nurse should report this symptom immediately to the healthcare provider for further evaluation and intervention, such as platelet transfusion or dose adjustment.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Glyceryl trinitrate, also known as nitroglycerin, is most effective for the treatment of angina when given sublingually (under the tongue). This route allows for rapid absorption of the medication directly into the bloodstream, providing quick relief of angina symptoms. Sublingual administration ensures the drug bypasses the first-pass metabolism in the liver, resulting in higher bioavailability compared to oral administration. The sublingual route also allows for a faster onset of action, making it the preferred route for the management of acute angina episodes.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In this context, a liquid preparation of vegetable drugs prepared by percolation and containing alcohol is known as a fluid extract. Fluid extracts are concentrated herbal extracts that are typically made by percolating a solvent, such as alcohol, through the plant material to extract its active constituents. This process results in a liquid extract that contains the medicinal properties of the plant. Fluid extracts are commonly used in herbal medicine due to their potency and ability to preserve the therapeutic compounds of the plant.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Sedatives are a type of drug that depresses the central nervous system and can induce a state of calmness and relaxation. In higher doses, sedatives can lead to stupor, which is a state of near-unconsciousness or insensibility. Stupor is often characterized by a marked decrease in alertness and responsiveness. Examples of sedatives include benzodiazepines, such as Valium and Xanax, as well as non-benzodiazepine sedatives like Ambien and Lunesta.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Propranolol belongs to the class of drugs known as beta blockers. Beta blockers work by blocking the effects of adrenaline on beta receptors in the body, resulting in decreased heart rate, blood pressure, and cardiac output. Propranolol is commonly used to treat conditions such as hypertension, angina, and certain cardiac arrhythmias. It is specifically a non-selective beta blocker, meaning it blocks both beta-1 and beta-2 receptors.