mcgraw hill microbiology test bank -Nurselytic

Correct Answer: C

Rationale:
Step-by-step rationale:
1. The Filoviridae family includes Marburg virus and Ebola virus.
2. Both viruses are characterized by filamentous, enveloped structure.
3. They cause severe hemorrhagic fever in humans.
4. Lassa virus and lymphocytic choriomeningitis viruses belong to Arenaviridae.
5. Chikungunya virus and Sindbis virus are alphaviruses.
6. Crimean-Congo virus and Hantaan virus are bunyaviruses.
7.
Therefore, the correct answer is C.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Jenner. Edward Jenner performed the first vaccination against smallpox in 1796 by using cowpox virus to immunize individuals. He observed that milkmaids who had contracted cowpox did not get smallpox, leading to the development of the smallpox vaccine. Pasteur is known for germ theory, Semmelweis for handwashing in healthcare, and Koch for identifying the causative agents of diseases. However, none of them performed the first smallpox vaccination like Jenner.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because in the lytic cycle, the bacteriophage destroys the host cell upon release, whereas in the lysogenic cycle, the phage integrates its DNA into the host genome without killing the host immediately. This integration may lead to the destruction of the host cell at a later stage.
Choice B is incorrect as lytic phages do destroy the host cell.
Choice C is incorrect as the two cycles have distinct mechanisms.
Choice D is incorrect as there are clear differences between the lytic and lysogenic cycles.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Bacillus anthracis. The black, painless carbuncle with peripheral vesicular rash is characteristic of cutaneous anthrax. Microscopy showing non-motile Gram-positive rods with a capsule aligns with Bacillus anthracis. The other choices can be eliminated: B: Staphylococcus aureus does not typically form a black lesion or have a capsule. C: Clostridium perfringens causes gas gangrene, not the described lesion. D: Bacillus subtilis is not associated with the specific clinical presentation mentioned.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because all three bacteria (Neisseria meningitidis, Haemophilus influenzae, and Streptococcus pneumoniae) can cause bacterial meningitis. Neisseria meningitidis is a common cause of meningococcal meningitis, Haemophilus influenzae can cause H. influenzae meningitis, and Streptococcus pneumoniae is a leading cause of pneumococcal meningitis.
Therefore, all of the above choices are correct. The other choices are incorrect because each of the bacteria listed can independently cause bacterial meningitis, so none of them alone can be the sole correct answer.