ATI RN
ATI Pharmacology Proctored Exam 2024 Quizlet Questions
Question 1 of 5
A male patient with blood type AB, Rh factor positive needs a blood transfusion. The Transfusion Service (blood bank) sends type O, Rh factor negative blood to the unit for the nurse to infuse into this patient. The nurse knows that:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: In this case, the blood type of the donor (type O, Rh-negative) is not compatible with the blood type of the patient (type AB, Rh-positive). Blood type AB individuals can receive blood from all blood types (universal recipient), but they can only donate to individuals with the same blood type.
Therefore, if a patient with blood type AB receives a transfusion of type O blood, it will lead to a major incompatibility reaction, possibly resulting in serious complications such as hemolysis (destruction of red blood cells), renal failure, and even death. It is crucial for the nurse to verify the blood type of the patient and ensure that the correct blood type is provided to prevent such adverse reactions.
Question 2 of 5
The nurse is caring for a client receiving IV nitroglycerin for chest pain. Which assessment finding requires immediate action?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Nitroglycerin dilates vessels, relieving angina but risking hypotension. BP of 90/60 mmHg indicates excessive drop, requiring immediate action (e.g., stopping infusion) to prevent shock. Heart rate of 80 and respiratory rate of 16 are normal. Pain at 2/10 shows efficacy. Hypotension's threat to perfusion aligns with nitroglycerin's effect, critical in chest pain where stability is key, making A the finding needing swift response.
Question 3 of 5
This drug is used to treat opioid overdose :
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Naloxone is a medication used to treat opioid overdose by rapidly reversing the effects of opioids on the central nervous system. It works by binding to the same receptors in the brain that opioids target, effectively displacing the opioids and reversing their effects. Naloxone can quickly restore normal breathing in individuals who have overdosed on opioids, potentially saving their lives. It is commonly administered in emergency situations, such as in hospitals, ambulances, and by first responders. Naloxone is an essential tool in treating opioid overdose and is considered a life-saving medication in such cases.
Question 4 of 5
Centrally acting antitussives, such as opioids, are used to
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Opioid antitussives (e.g., codeine) act on the brain's cough center, suppressing severe, persistent coughs , often in conditions like bronchitis, not mild coughs . They don't decongest or thin mucus .
Choice C reflects their purpose for significant cough relief, critical for nursing education.
Question 5 of 5
A 25-year-old woman with myoclonic seizures is well controlled on valproate. She indicates that she is interested in becoming pregnant in the next year. With respect to her antiepilepsy medication, which of the following should be considered?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Valproate controls myoclonic seizures but is teratogenic, linked to neural tube defects (e.g., spina bifida) and cognitive deficits in offspring, posing significant pregnancy risks. Switching to lamotrigine, effective for myoclonic seizures and safer (lower teratogenicity), is recommended preconception after titration. Continuing valproate unchanged ignores fetal harm. Adding another drug increases complexity without addressing valproate's risks. Lowering the dose may compromise seizure control. Lamotrigine's efficacy and better pregnancy safety profile, per guidelines, make it the best consideration.