Correct Answer: B

Rationale: An autocratic leadership style is most effective in a crisis situation because it allows for quick decision-making without the need for extensive consultation or deliberation. In a crisis, immediate and decisive actions are often required to address the situation effectively. Democratic leadership, on the other hand, may slow down the decision-making process due to the need for consensus and input from team members. Transformational leadership focuses on inspiring and motivating followers, which may not always be as effective in a crisis where urgent actions are needed. Laissez-faire leadership, characterized by a hands-off approach, is generally ineffective in crisis situations as it lacks the necessary direction and guidance required to navigate through the challenges efficiently.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The Hawthorne effect is a term used to describe how people modify their behavior in response to the attention they are receiving rather than the manipulation of variables. Special attention, as mentioned in choice A, is the correct answer because when individuals feel that they are being closely monitored or that special interest is being taken in them, they tend to perform better or change their behavior.

Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because the Hawthorne effect specifically focuses on the impact of attention and not on organizational structures, creativity, or group dynamics.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, Proactive management. Proactive management involves taking steps to prevent issues from occurring rather than just reacting to them. In this scenario, the Nurse Manager is being proactive by preparing to fill the position before the Staff Nurse leaves, thereby preventing short staffing.

Choices A, B, and C are incorrect. Delegation refers to assigning tasks to others, not preparing to fill a vacant position. Calling it a time-waster is subjective and not reflective of the manager's proactive approach. Reactive management would involve waiting until the Nurse leaves and then trying to fill the position, causing short staffing.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The main purpose of health informatics is to enhance clinical decision making. While managing patient care (choice
A) and storing patient records (choice
B) are important functions within health informatics, the primary goal is to improve decision making processes by utilizing technology and data. Improving healthcare policies (choice
D) is not the main purpose of health informatics, although it can be a byproduct of better-informed decision making.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct first step in implementing a new electronic health record (EHR) system is to identify the project team. This team will be crucial in overseeing the entire implementation process, including tasks like developing a training program (
Choice
C) and conducting a needs assessment (
Choice
D). Training all staff on the new system (
Choice
A) is an important step but typically occurs after the project team has been identified to ensure a smooth and efficient implementation.