ATI RN
ATI Pharmacology Practice B Questions
Question 1 of 5
While on pentamidine (Pentam) infusion therapy. The nurse must anticipate doing which of the following?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Pentamidine (Pentam) infusion therapy is associated with potential ocular toxicities, including retinal damage.
Therefore, the nurse must closely monitor the client for signs and symptoms of retinal damage during the therapy. These may include changes in visual acuity, blurred vision, floaters, or any other visual disturbances. Timely detection of retinal damage is crucial for preventing further complications and ensuring appropriate management.
Question 2 of 5
The patient is ordered furosemide (Lasix). Before administering furosemide, it is most important for the nurse to assess the patient for allergies to which drug class?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Furosemide (Lasix) belongs to the sulfonamide drug class. Patients with allergies to sulfonamides may experience cross-reactivity and have an increased risk of allergic reactions to furosemide.
Therefore, it is essential for the nurse to assess the patient for any allergies to sulfonamides before administering furosemide to prevent potential adverse reactions.
Question 3 of 5
A patient calls the clinic office saying that the cholestyramine (Questran) powder he started yesterday clumps and sticks to the glass when he tries to mix it. The nurse will suggest what method for mixing this medication for administration?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Cholestyramine (Questran) is a bile acid sequestrant used to lower cholesterol levels in the blood.
To prevent clumping and sticking to the glass when mixing the powder, the nurse will suggest mixing the powder with food or fruit, or at least 4 to 6 ounces of fluid. This method helps to evenly disperse the powder and prevent clumping, making it easier for the patient to consume the medication. Mixing the powder with a carbonated soda drink (choice
A) may not be suitable as the effervescence of the soda could affect the medication's stability. Adding the powder to any liquid and stirring vigorously (choice
B) may not dissolve the powder effectively. Taking the powder dry on a spoon followed by a glass of water (choice E) may be difficult for the patient to swallow and may not distribute the medication evenly. Mixing with food or fluid provides a more palatable and effective method for administering Questr
Question 4 of 5
Which location is the area where the highest percentage of sodium and water are resorbed back into the bloodstream?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The area where the highest percentage of sodium and water are reabsorbed back into the bloodstream is the proximal tubule. In the nephron, the proximal tubule is responsible for reabsorbing approximately 65-70% of filtered sodium and water. This reabsorption is crucial for maintaining the body's electrolyte balance and blood volume. The proximal tubule is lined with specialized cells that actively transport sodium ions out of the tubular fluid, creating an osmotic gradient that allows for passive reabsorption of water. This efficient reabsorption process helps to ensure that essential substances are conserved while waste products are excreted in the urine.
Question 5 of 5
A patient has received an overdose of intravenous heparin, and is showing signs of excessive bleeding. Which substance is the antidote for heparin overdose?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Protamine sulfate is the antidote for heparin overdose. Heparin is a commonly used anticoagulant medication that works by inhibiting the activity of thrombin and preventing blood clot formation. In the case of an overdose leading to excessive bleeding, protamine sulfate can be administered to neutralize the effects of heparin. Protamine sulfate forms a complex with heparin, therefore reversing its anticoagulant effects and helping to stop the bleeding. This antidote is especially useful in situations where immediate reversal of heparin's effects is necessary to prevent serious complications.