ATI RN
ATI Pharmacology Practice B Questions
Question 1 of 5
What is the action of Metformin?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Metformin is a medication commonly used to treat type 2 diabetes. It exerts its action through multiple mechanisms, as outlined below:
Question 2 of 5
Which location is the area where the highest percentage of sodium and water are resorbed back into the bloodstream?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The area where the highest percentage of sodium and water are reabsorbed back into the bloodstream is the proximal tubule. In the nephron, the proximal tubule is responsible for reabsorbing approximately 65-70% of filtered sodium and water. This reabsorption is crucial for maintaining the body's electrolyte balance and blood volume. The proximal tubule is lined with specialized cells that actively transport sodium ions out of the tubular fluid, creating an osmotic gradient that allows for passive reabsorption of water. This efficient reabsorption process helps to ensure that essential substances are conserved while waste products are excreted in the urine.
Question 3 of 5
The nurse administers IV ceftriaxone (Rocephin) to a client with pneumonia. Which precaution should the nurse take?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Ceftriaxone, a cephalosporin, treats pneumonia but risks hypersensitivity (e.g., rash, anaphylaxis). Monitoring for allergic reactions ensures safety, a key precaution. Dilution is standard but not the focus'protocol varies. Rapid infusion is too fast'30 minutes is typical. Undiluted risks irritation. Allergy monitoring aligns with cephalosporin's profile, critical in pneumonia where rapid intervention saves lives, making C the priority precaution.
Question 4 of 5
A 53-year-old man with chronic neuropathic back pain and depression is managed with amitriptyline. He has recently complained of urinary frequency and was given a prescription for Ditropan. He now complains of acute abdominal pain and is unable to pass flatus or bowel movement. What is the most likely explanation of this finding?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Amitriptyline and Ditropan (oxybutynin), both anticholinergics, risk paralytic ileus , stopping GI motility, causing pain and obstruction. Hepatitis , pancreatitis , overdose , and normalcy (E) don't fit. Combined anticholinergic effects explain this acute issue.
Question 5 of 5
Which of the following drugs is likely to increase the plasma lithium concentration if co-prescribed to a patient on chronic lithium therapy?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Lithium levels rise with drugs reducing renal clearance or altering metabolism. St John's wort induces CYP enzymes, potentially lowering lithium (not renally metabolized). Ibuprofen, an NSAID, reduces renal lithium excretion by inhibiting prostaglandins, increasing plasma levels, a well-known interaction. Phenytoin induces metabolism but doesn't affect lithium's renal clearance. Haloperidol and sertraline have minimal pharmacokinetic impact on lithium. Ibuprofen's effect necessitates monitoring, as elevated lithium risks toxicity (e.g., tremor, confusion), critical in bipolar management.