ATI RN
Pathophysiology Final Exam Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which physiologic response is most likely to accompany activation of the parasympathetic nervous system?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Increased gastric motility. The parasympathetic nervous system is known to promote rest and digest functions, which includes increasing gastric motility to aid in digestion.
Choices A, C, and D are incorrect as they are more characteristic of the sympathetic nervous system. The sympathetic nervous system is responsible for the fight or flight response, leading to increased heart rate (
Choice
A), pupil dilation (
Choice
C), and sweating (
Choice
D) among other responses.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is teaching a young adult patient about oral contraceptives, which the patient will soon begin taking. The patient's primary concern is the effectiveness of the medication in preventing pregnancy. The nurse should teach the patient that oral contraceptives, when taken consistently, are how effective in preventing pregnancy?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: When taken correctly, estrogen-progestin contraceptive preparations are nearly 100% effective in preventing pregnancy.
Choices A, B, and C are incorrect.
Choice A suggests a range below the actual effectiveness, choice B provides a specific percentage that is not accurate, and choice C introduces the concept of genetic factors which is not relevant to the effectiveness of oral contraceptives.
Question 3 of 5
A 21-year-old male is brought to the ED following a night of partying in his fraternity. His friends found him 'asleep' and couldn't get him to respond. They cannot recall how many alcoholic beverages he drank the night before. While educating a student nurse and the man's friends, the nurse begins by explaining that alcohol is:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B. Alcohol is very lipid-soluble and rapidly crosses the blood-brain barrier, leading to its effects on the central nervous system and causing symptoms like sedation and unconsciousness.
Choice A is incorrect because alcohol is not water-soluble; it is lipid-soluble.
Choice C is incorrect as alcohol does not reverse the transport of substances from the brain.
Choice D is incorrect as sedation from alcohol is not a reason to just 'sleep it off' in cases of alcohol poisoning, which can be life-threatening and requires medical attention.
Question 4 of 5
A female patient is concerned about the side effects of hormone replacement therapy (HRT). What common side effect should the nurse explain?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Weight gain. Weight gain is a common side effect of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) due to hormonal changes. Patients should be informed about this possibility as part of their treatment plan. Hair loss (
Choice
B) is not a common side effect of HRT. Increased libido (
Choice
C) and decreased energy levels (
Choice
D) are not typically associated with HRT side effects.
Therefore, the nurse should focus on discussing weight gain with the patient.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is teaching a patient about the use of testosterone gel for the treatment of hypogonadism. What important instruction should the nurse provide?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct instruction is to apply testosterone gel after showering and allow it to dry completely before dressing. This helps prevent the transfer of the gel to others and ensures proper absorption.
Choice B is incorrect because the gel should not be applied to the genitals.
Choice C is incorrect as there is no specific benefit to applying the gel before bedtime.
Choice D is incorrect as the gel should not be applied to the face and neck for the treatment of hypogonadism.