ATI RN
ATI Capstone Pharmacology Pre-Assessment Quiz Questions
Question 1 of 5
A patient is scheduled to receive high-dose cyclophosphamide via an intravenous infusion as treatment for cancer. Which will be most important for the nurse to include when teaching the patient about cyclophosphamide?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Cyclophosphamide can cause hemorrhagic cystitis, a serious side effect resulting from the irritation of the bladder lining by its metabolites.
To prevent this, patients must maintain high fluid intake (at least 2 liters per day) to dilute the urine and flush out the bladder. While emptying the bladder regularly is important, it is secondary to ensuring adequate hydration. Limiting fluid intake is contraindicated, as it increases the risk of bladder toxicity. An indwelling urinary catheter is not routinely required unless the patient has urinary retention.
Question 2 of 5
Which of the following diuretics inhibits sodium reabsorption in the kidneys while saving K+ and Hydrogen ions?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Spironolactone is a potassium-sparing diuretic, which belongs to the aldosterone receptor antagonists. It works by inhibiting aldosterone activity in the distal convoluted tubule and collecting ducts of the kidney. Aldosterone promotes sodium reabsorption in exchange for potassium and hydrogen ions. By blocking aldosterone, Spironolactone allows for increased excretion of sodium while retaining potassium and hydrogen ions, making it a suitable choice for patients who need to maintain potassium levels or are at risk for hypokalemia.
Question 3 of 5
MIMS stands for:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: MIMS stands for Monthly Index of Medical Specialties. It is a comprehensive drug database and medical reference resource widely used by healthcare professionals around the world. MIMS provides essential information on prescription and over-the-counter drugs, medical news, disease management guidelines, medical directories, and more. The term "Monthly" in MIMS highlights that the information is regularly updated on a monthly basis to ensure healthcare professionals have access to the most current and reliable information relevant to their practice.
Question 4 of 5
The patient is discharged home and returns to the emergency department 4 days later. The patient is admitted to the ICU with acute decompensated HF with dyspnea at rest. The nurse anticipates administration of which medication?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Nesiritide, also known as Natrecor, is a medication commonly used in the treatment of acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) with dyspnea at rest. It is a recombinant form of B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) which helps to improve cardiac function and alleviate symptoms of heart failure, such as dyspnea. Nesiritide works by promoting vasodilation and increasing diuresis, which can help reduce the workload on the heart and improve cardiac output.
Therefore, in the case of a patient with acute decompensated heart failure and dyspnea at rest, the nurse would anticipate the administration of Nesiritide to help improve the patient's condition.
Question 5 of 5
The nurse is monitoring for adverse effects in a patient who is receiving an amiodarone
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Adverse effects of amiodarone include QT prolongation and gray coloring of the skin on the face, arms, and neck.