ATI RN
ATI Capstone Pharmacology Pre-Assessment Quiz Questions
Question 1 of 5
The nurse is caring for a patient receiving IV heparin therapy for treatment of a pulmonary embolus. The patient is being converted to warfarin (Coumadin) therapy. The following questions relate nursing considerations when caring for this patient. Nursing considerations for conversion of IV heparin to oral warfarin (Coumadin) therapy will include
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: When converting a patient from IV heparin to oral warfarin (Coumadin) therapy, it is important to overlap the two therapies for at least 5 days. This is because warfarin takes time to reach its full anticoagulant effect, and the patient needs to be adequately anticoagulated during this transition period to prevent the risk of thrombosis. The INR should be closely monitored, and the IV heparin should be stopped once the INR is in the therapeutic range. Simply discontinuing IV heparin and starting oral warfarin immediately could result in a period of inadequate anticoagulation, which could be dangerous for the patient, especially when transitioning from treatment for a pulmonary embolus.
Question 2 of 5
The nurse is monitoring for adverse effects in a patient who is receiving an amiodarone
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.
Question 3 of 5
The patient is discharged home and returns to the emergency department 4 days later. The patient is admitted to the ICU with acute decompensated HF with dyspnea at rest. The nurse anticipates administration of which medication?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Nesiritide, also known as Natrecor, is a medication commonly used in the treatment of acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) with dyspnea at rest. It is a recombinant form of B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) which helps to improve cardiac function and alleviate symptoms of heart failure, such as dyspnea. Nesiritide works by promoting vasodilation and increasing diuresis, which can help reduce the workload on the heart and improve cardiac output.
Therefore, in the case of a patient with acute decompensated heart failure and dyspnea at rest, the nurse would anticipate the administration of Nesiritide to help improve the patient's condition.
Question 4 of 5
A patient has been started on therapy of a continuous infusion of lidocaine after receiving a loading dose of the drug. The nurse will monitor the patient for which adverse effect?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Lidocaine is a local anesthetic drug that can lead to central nervous system (CNS) toxicity when given in excessive doses. Symptoms of lidocaine toxicity include drowsiness, confusion, visual disturbances, muscle twitching, seizures, and, in severe cases, cardiovascular collapse. Among the options provided, convulsions are the most concerning adverse effect associated with lidocaine toxicity. It is essential for the nurse to closely monitor the patient for any signs or symptoms of CNS toxicity and promptly report any concerning findings to the healthcare provider to prevent potentially serious complications.
Question 5 of 5
Which of the following diuretics inhibits sodium reabsorption in the kidneys while saving K+ and Hydrogen ions?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Spironolactone is a potassium-sparing diuretic, which belongs to the aldosterone receptor antagonists. It works by inhibiting aldosterone activity in the distal convoluted tubule and collecting ducts of the kidney. Aldosterone promotes sodium reabsorption in exchange for potassium and hydrogen ions. By blocking aldosterone, Spironolactone allows for increased excretion of sodium while retaining potassium and hydrogen ions, making it a suitable choice for patients who need to maintain potassium levels or are at risk for hypokalemia.