Questions 14

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Professional Nursing Concepts and Challenges Test Bank Questions

Question 1 of 5

The nurse is providing teaching to the parents of a child born with tetralogy of Fallot (TOF). Which statement should the nurse include in her teaching regarding this defect?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) involves four cardiac defects, as described in option B: pulmonic stenosis, right ventricular hypertrophy, ventricular septal defect, and an overriding aorta. These four defects result in mixing of oxygen-poor and oxygen-rich blood in the heart, leading to decreased oxygen levels in the blood that is pumped to the body. This characteristic results in cyanosis (blue discoloration of the skin). Providing accurate information about the specific defects involved in TOF helps parents understand the complexity and potential complications associated with their child's condition. This knowledge can aid in their ability to recognize symptoms and seek timely medical intervention when needed.

Question 2 of 5

Which is believed to be the cause of preeclampsia?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Preeclampsia is a pregnancy complication characterized by high blood pressure and signs of damage to other organ systems, most often the liver and kidneys. Placental dysfunction is believed to be the main cause of preeclampsia. In a normal pregnancy, blood vessels in the placenta develop to supply the fetus with nutrients and oxygen. In preeclampsia, these blood vessels don't develop or function properly, leading to inadequate blood flow and reduced supply of nutrients to the placenta. This can result in high blood pressure and affect the function of other organs.

Question 3 of 5

The nurse is reviewing laboratory values for a patient with an acute attack of gout. Which laboratory value should the nurse expect to be increased?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In a patient with an acute attack of gout, the nurse should expect the uric acid level to be increased. Gout occurs due to the buildup of uric acid crystals in the joints, leading to inflammation and pain. Monitoring the uric acid level is important in diagnosing and managing gout, as elevated levels indicate an increased risk of crystal formation and gout attacks.
Therefore, an increased uric acid level is a key laboratory finding in patients experiencing gout flares.

Question 4 of 5

A nurse is assessing a client during labor and delivery. Which condition should the nurse recognize as a risk factor for disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Placental abruption is the separation of the placenta from the uterine wall before delivery. This condition is a significant risk factor for disseminated intravascular coagulation (DI
C) because the sudden detachment can lead to massive internal bleeding. The release of large amounts of tissue factor from the placenta into the maternal circulation triggers widespread activation of the coagulation cascade, leading to the consumption of clotting factors and platelets. This uncontrolled activation of the clotting system can result in both excessive clot formation and bleeding, characteristic of DIC. Gestational diabetes, polyhydramnios, and placenta previa are not direct risk factors for DIC.

Question 5 of 5

The nurse identifies that a patient with immobility is at risk for the development of urolithiasis. What should the nurse include when planning this patient’s care?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Immobility can contribute to the development of urolithiasis (the formation of urinary calculi or stones) due to decreased mobility leading to stagnant urine flow, which can result in the concentration of crystal-forming substances in the urine. Increasing fluid intake helps prevent urinary stasis and dilutes the urine, reducing the risk of stone formation. Adequate hydration can also help flush out any existing crystals or small stones before they grow larger.
Therefore, increasing fluid intake to 3000 mL/day is essential in preventing urolithiasis in patients with immobility. Monitoring urine pH, administering calcium supplements, or maintaining an indwelling urinary catheter are not appropriate interventions for preventing urolithiasis in this situation.

Similar Questions

The nurse is instructing the spouse of a client with a stroke on how to do passive range-of- motion exercises to the affected limbs. Which rationale for this intervention will the nurse include in the teaching session?
The nurse instructs a client about the medication nifedipine (Procardia) for hypertension. Which client statement indicates that additional teaching is needed?
The nurse is planning care for a group of clients. Which client should the nurse identify as having the greatest risk for developing deep venous thrombosis (DVT)?
A home health nurse is admitting a new client to the agency who was recently discharged from the hospital with a new diagnosis of pulmonary fibrosis. What is the best way for the nurse to evaluate whether the client is able to set up and administer a nebulizer treatment?
The nurse is caring for a child with a fractured femur who complains of sudden chest pain and difficulty breathing. Which test would the nurse question if it was ordered by the physician?

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