Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because primary brain tumors originate from cells within the brain itself. These tumors develop from abnormal growth of brain cells.
Choice A is incorrect as primary brain tumors do not come from outside the central nervous system (CNS).
Choice B is incorrect as primary brain tumors do not typically start in glands.
Choice D is incorrect as primary brain tumors do not arise from nerve tissue elsewhere in the body. In summary, the nurse should explain to the patient that the tumor originated from cells within his brain to provide accurate information about the nature of primary brain tumors.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Frequent douching. Douching disrupts the natural balance of vaginal flora, making the environment more susceptible to infections. High estrogen levels (
A) can actually protect against vaginal infections. Late menarche (
B) and nonpregnant state (
C) are not direct risk factors for vaginal infections. In summary, frequent douching is the most significant risk factor as it disrupts the vaginal microbiome.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: "You are anxious about the surgery. Do you see smoking as helping?" This response acknowledges the patient's anxiety and invites him to explore his reasons for wanting to smoke, opening up a dialogue and potentially uncovering underlying issues. It also avoids judgment or direct orders, fostering a therapeutic nurse-patient relationship.

Explanation of why the other choices are incorrect:
A: "Smoking is the reason you are here." - This response is blaming and may increase the patient's guilt or anxiety, hindering effective communication.
B: "The doctor left orders for you not to smoke." - This response is authoritative and may lead to resistance or defensiveness from the patient, rather than addressing his concerns.
D: "Smoking is OK right now, but after your surgery it is contraindicated." - This response is unclear and may send mixed messages to the patient, potentially leading to confusion or misunderstanding.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale:
Rationale: Option C is correct because adequate hydration helps prevent hypercalcemia by promoting the excretion of excess calcium in the urine. This reduces the risk of calcium buildup in the blood. Consuming 2 to 4 liters of fluid daily ensures proper hydration, which is crucial for patients at risk for hypercalcemia. Stool softeners (Option
A) are not contraindicated and can help prevent constipation, which may be a side effect of some cancer treatments. Laxatives (Option
B) should not be taken daily as they can lead to dehydration and electrolyte imbalances. Restricting calcium intake (Option
D) is not the primary intervention for preventing hypercalcemia; rather, maintaining adequate hydration is key.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Bacteria. In a patient with a urinary tract infection (UTI), bacteria are typically present in the urine due to the infection of the urinary system. Bacteria may be detected through urine culture or microscopic examination.

A: Casts are not typically associated with UTIs but can indicate kidney disease.
B: Protein in the urine can indicate kidney damage or other issues, not specific to UTIs.
C: Crystals in the urine can be normal or indicate specific conditions, but they are not specific to UTIs.

In summary, the presence of bacteria in the urine is a key indicator of a UTI, while the other choices are more indicative of different conditions or factors.