Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The best intervention to reduce the risk of falling in the hospital room for a blind client is to orient the client to the location of objects in the room. This helps the client navigate safely and independently.

Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because telling the client's family to stay overnight, applying restraints, and shouting are not appropriate interventions for preventing falls in a blind client; in fact, they could potentially lead to increased anxiety and risk of falls.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Hypoxemia is one of the earliest signs of fat embolism syndrome. In fat embolism syndrome, fat globules enter the bloodstream and can obstruct blood flow in the lungs, leading to hypoxemia. Paresthesia, severe pain unrelieved by medication, and edema are not typically among the earliest signs of fat embolism syndrome.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: During stage three of bone healing, callus formation occurs. This process involves the formation of a soft callus made of collagen and cartilage, which bridges the gap between bone fragments.
Choice A, consolidation, typically happens in later stages and involves the hardening of the callus into mature bone.

Choices C and D are incorrect as granulation formation and hematoma formation occur in earlier stages of bone healing, specifically stages one and two, respectively.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Venous stasis is a negative effect of immobility on the cardiovascular system. Immobility can lead to blood pooling in the veins due to lack of movement, increasing the risk of blood clots.

Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because immobility does not lead to an increase in high density lipoprotein, circulation, or the pumping action of the heart.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The best intervention to prevent deep vein thrombosis (DVT) after a fracture of the hip is to apply antiembolism stockings. These stockings help promote circulation and prevent blood clots from forming in the legs due to immobility. Encouraging bedrest is not recommended as it can increase the risk of DVT. While anticoagulants are used in some cases, the primary prevention method is mechanical prophylaxis like antiembolism stockings. Teaching about smoking cessation is important for overall health but is not directly related to preventing DVT in this scenario.