microbiology chapter 13 test bank -Nurselytic

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Anthroponoses. This term refers to diseases caused by specific human parasites that are transmitted directly from human to human. In this case, the source of parasite invasion is always a human host. This term specifically describes diseases caused by parasites that exclusively infect humans.


Choice B: Zoonoses refers to diseases that can be transmitted from animals to humans.
Choice C: Anthropozoonoses is a combination of zoonoses and anthroponoses, which is not applicable in this scenario.
Choice D: Infections is a general term that does not specify the source or type of parasite causing the disease.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because sterilization is the process of completely destroying all microorganisms, including resistant forms like spores, ensuring no viable organisms remain. This is crucial for ensuring complete elimination of potential pathogens.
Choice A is incorrect because sterilization should eliminate all microorganisms, including spores.
Choice C is incorrect as it describes disinfection, not sterilization.
Choice D is incorrect because sterilization aims to eradicate all microorganisms, not leave any viable ones behind.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct descending order of taxonomic categories is domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species. This hierarchical classification system helps organize and categorize living organisms based on their shared characteristics and evolutionary relationships.
Explanation:
- Domain is the broadest category, representing the highest level of classification.
- Kingdom further divides organisms into major groups based on similar characteristics.
- Phylum, class, order, family, and genus successively narrow down the classification based on more specific shared characteristics.
- Species is the most specific category, representing individual organisms capable of interbreeding.
Summary of other choices:
A: Incorrect as it has the incorrect order of phylum, kingdom, and division.
B: Incorrect as it has the incorrect order of family and species.
D: Incorrect as it has the incorrect order of domain, kingdom, and class.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Salmonella. This bacterium should be handled in a Biosafety Level 2 facility due to its potential to cause disease in humans. Salmonella is a pathogenic bacterium that can cause foodborne illnesses and infections. Handling it in a Biosafety Level 2 facility ensures proper containment and protection of personnel.

A: Micrococcus luteus and B: Bacillus subtilis are common environmental bacteria that do not pose significant risks to human health, so they can be safely handled in lower biosafety levels.

D: Staphylococcus epidermidis is a common skin commensal bacterium that is generally not considered highly pathogenic, so it does not require Biosafety Level 2 containment.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because Rickettsia requires living cells for growth and replication. Chick embryos, cell cultures, and lab animals provide a suitable environment for Rickettsia isolation. Skin-allergy tests (
A) and serological methods for proving antibodies (
B) are not directly used for isolating Rickettsia as they do not support the growth of the bacteria. "None of the above" (
D) is incorrect as option C involves the appropriate methods for isolating Rickettsia.