ATI RN
openstax microbiology test bank Questions
Question 1 of 5
Extrachromosomal carriers of the genetic information in bacteria are:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Plasmids. Plasmids are extrachromosomal DNA molecules found in bacteria that can replicate independently of the bacterial chromosome. They carry additional genetic information, such as antibiotic resistance genes or virulence factors. Mesosomes (choice
A) are not involved in carrying genetic information; they are infoldings of the cell membrane. Ribosomes (choice
C) are cellular organelles responsible for protein synthesis, not carriers of genetic information.
Choice D is incorrect as plasmids are indeed extrachromosomal carriers of genetic information in bacteria.
Question 2 of 5
Which one belongs to genus Orthopoxvirus?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because all three viruses, Vaccinia virus, Smallpox virus, and Cowpox virus, belong to the genus Orthopoxvirus. They share similar characteristics and genetic makeup. Vaccinia virus is used as a vaccine against smallpox, Smallpox virus causes smallpox disease, and Cowpox virus can infect both animals and humans.
Choice A, B, and C are incorrect because each of these viruses is a member of the Orthopoxvirus genus.
Question 3 of 5
Which is NOT a property of interferon?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Interferon is a cell-specific protein that is produced and released from infected cells in response to viral infections. It acts extracellularly to interfere with viral replication, not to inactivate the virus itself. Interferon is not coded for by cellular DNA, but by viral RNA during infection.
Therefore, the correct answer, D, is that interferon is not virus-specific but is cell-specific. This is because interferon can be produced by various cell types in response to different types of viral infections, making it a broad-spectrum antiviral defense mechanism.
Question 4 of 5
A patient has been brought to the hospital with the complaints of headache, pain in left hypochondrium. He has been ill for 1,5 weeks. The sudden illness began with the increase of body temperature up to 39, 90C. In 3 hours the temperature decreased and hydropoiesis began. The attacks repeat rhythmically in 48 hours. The patient had visited one an African country. The doctors have suspected malaria. What method of laboratory diagnostics is necessary to use?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct method of laboratory diagnostics for suspected malaria is blood examination. Malaria is diagnosed by detecting the presence of the Plasmodium parasite in the patient's blood. This can be done through microscopy to identify the parasite in a blood smear or through rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) that detect specific antigens produced by the parasite. Blood examination allows for the direct visualization of the parasite, making it the most accurate method for diagnosing malaria. Immunological tests, stool examination, and urine examination are not suitable for diagnosing malaria as the parasite primarily resides in the red blood cells. Stool and urine examinations are more commonly used for diagnosing gastrointestinal or urinary tract infections, respectively.
Question 5 of 5
The lipophilization is:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because lipophilization is the process of removing water from cells under deep vacuum in a frozen state. Dehydration of the cell at a low temperature helps to preserve the cellular structure and components.
Choice B is incorrect as hydration does the opposite of what lipophilization aims to achieve.
Choice C is incorrect as lipophilization does not involve enriching cells with proteins.
Choice D is incorrect as lipophilization does not involve removing protein content from cells.