ATI RN
Intro to Pharmacology ATI Questions
Question 1 of 5
Methotrexate is a folate antagonist. It inhibits enzymes required for DNA base synthesis. To prevent harm to normal cells, a fully activated form of folic acid known as leucovorin (folinic acid; citrovorum
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Administration of leucovorin in the context of methotrexate treatment is known as rescue therapy. Leucovorin is used as a rescue agent to reduce the toxicity of methotrexate on normal cells. By providing leucovorin, which is a fully activated form of folic acid, the body can bypass the inhibition caused by methotrexate and continue with DNA base synthesis. This helps protect healthy cells and tissues from the toxic effects of methotrexate while allowing the chemotherapy to target and kill cancer cells. Rescue therapy with leucovorin is typically timed to occur after methotrexate administration to maximize its protective effects on normal cells.
Question 2 of 5
The nurse is reviewing the orders for a patient and notes a new order for an angiotensin-
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, a type of angiotensin inhibitor, may have a serious interaction with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). When used together, they may reduce the effectiveness of the ACE inhibitor in lowering blood pressure and could potentially lead to decreased kidney function. It is important for the nurse to be aware of this interaction and monitor the patient closely for any adverse effects when these medications are used concurrently.
Question 3 of 5
A patient is started on a diuretic for antihypertensive therapy. The nurse expects that a drug in which class is likely to be used initially?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Thiazide diuretics are commonly used as first-line therapy for hypertension. They are effective in reducing blood pressure by promoting diuresis and decreasing plasma volume. Thiazide diuretics work by inhibiting sodium and chloride reabsorption in the distal convoluted tubule of the nephron, leading to increased excretion of water and electrolytes. This helps to reduce blood volume and subsequently lower blood pressure. Thiazide diuretics are generally well-tolerated and effective, making them a preferred choice for initial antihypertensive therapy.
Question 4 of 5
The nurse is creating a plan of care for a patient with a new diagnosis of hypertension. Which is a potential nursing diagnosis for the patient taking antihypertensive medications?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Sexual dysfunction is a potential nursing diagnosis for a patient taking antihypertensive medications because certain classes of antihypertensive drugs, such as beta blockers and thiazide diuretics, have been known to cause sexual side effects. These effects may include erectile dysfunction in men and decreased libido or altered menstrual cycles in women. It is important for nurses to assess and address any sexual dysfunction concerns in patients on antihypertensive medications to improve quality of life and adherence to treatment. Diarrhea, urge urinary incontinence, and impaired memory are not typically associated with antihypertensive medications and would not be as relevant in this situation.
Question 5 of 5
Furosemide (Lasix) is prescribed for a patient who is about to be discharged, and the nurse provides instructions to the patient about the medication. Which statement by the nurse is correct?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct statement by the nurse is D. "Be sure to change positions slowly and rise slowly after sitting or lying so as to prevent dizziness and possible fainting because of blood pressure changes." This instruction is important for patients taking furosemide (Lasix) because this medication can cause changes in blood pressure, especially when changing positions quickly. By rising slowly, the patient can minimize the risk of dizziness or fainting. This precaution is crucial to ensure patient safety while taking furosemide.