ATI RN
Virtual ATI Pharmacology Pre Assessment Questions
Question 1 of 5
A patient is in the intensive care unit and receiving an infusion of milrinone (Primacor) for severe
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Milrinone and furosemide are two medications that are known to interact when mixed together in the same intravenous line. Milrinone is a phosphodiesterase inhibitor that works to increase cardiac contractility and output, while furosemide is a loop diuretic used to promote diuresis. When mixed together, the pH level of the solution can become altered, leading to potential precipitation or inactivation of one or both drugs.
Question 2 of 5
Walter, a teenage patient is admitted to the hospital because of acetaminophen (Tylenol) overdose. Overdoses of acetaminophen can precipitate life-threatening abnormalities in which of the following organs?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Acetaminophen overdose is hepatotoxic and can cause severe liver damage, leading to liver failure if not treated promptly. The liver metabolizes acetaminophen into a toxic metabolite, N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine (NAPQI), which depletes glutathione stores and causes cellular damage. Early administration of N-acetylcysteine (NA
C) is critical to prevent irreversible liver damage. While kidney injury can occur, it is less common than liver damage.
Question 3 of 5
Liquid preparation that contains one or more chemical substance dissolved in a suitable solvent
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A solution is a liquid preparation that contains one or more chemical substances dissolved in a suitable solvent. The solute (chemical substance) is evenly dispersed and mixed with the solvent, resulting in a homogenous mixture. Solutions are commonly used in medicine for oral administration, injections, topical treatments, and various other applications due to their ability to provide accurate dosing and rapid absorption into the body. decoction is a liquid derived from boiling plant material, fluid extract is a concentrated liquid extract of a substance, spirits are alcoholic solutions, and syrup is a viscous solution containing sugar.
Question 4 of 5
Which drug goes through extensive first-pass hepatic metabolism?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Propranolol is the drug that undergoes extensive first-pass hepatic metabolism. First-pass metabolism refers to the metabolism of a drug by the liver before it enters the systemic circulation. In the case of propranolol, a significant portion of the drug is metabolized by the liver before reaching the systemic circulation, leading to reduced bioavailability. This is why propranolol is often given in higher doses to achieve the desired therapeutic effect. Heparin, insulin, nitroglycerine, and warfarin do not undergo significant first-pass metabolism by the liver.
Question 5 of 5
A patient is taking aspirin for arthritis. Which adverse reaction should the nurse teach the patient to report to the health care provider?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Tinnitus, or ringing in the ears, is a classic sign of aspirin toxicity, also known as salicylism. Aspirin can cause ototoxicity at high doses, leading to hearing disturbances. Patients taking aspirin for arthritis are often on long-term therapy, which increases the risk of toxicity. Seizures, sinusitis, and palpitations are not typically associated with aspirin use.
Therefore, nurses should educate patients to report tinnitus immediately, as it may indicate the need for dose adjustment or discontinuation of the medication to prevent further complications.