Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because epidemiology focuses on studying the patterns of occurrence and distribution of health-related events, including mental disorders. By analyzing factors such as prevalence, incidence, and risk factors, epidemiology helps identify trends and patterns in the occurrence of mental illnesses within populations. Understanding these patterns can lead to the development of effective prevention strategies and interventions.


Choice B is incorrect because epidemiology primarily deals with population-level data and does not specifically explain neurophysiological mechanisms causing mental disorders.
Choice C is incorrect as epidemiology is concerned with patterns and distribution of diseases, not theoretical explanations.
Choice D is incorrect as epidemiology does not predict individual outcomes for specific clients.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because in the nursing process, cues are indeed analyzed during the assessment phase to gather data and identify patient needs. This step is crucial for developing an accurate nursing diagnosis and planning appropriate interventions.
Choice B is incorrect as hypotheses are formed during the planning phase, not evaluation.
Choice C is incorrect because nurses use a combination of primary and secondary data.
Choice D is incorrect as unmet goals are not automatically discontinued but rather reassessed and modified as needed.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale:
Rationale:
1. Implementation involves carrying out the plan of care.
2. Encouraging the patient to attend a group aligns with implementing the intervention.
3. Implementation focuses on executing specific interventions to achieve desired outcomes.
4. Assessment (
A) is about gathering data, analysis (
B) is about identifying problems, and evaluation (
D) is about assessing the effectiveness of interventions.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because staying with the patient to explore more of her thoughts about suicide is the priority. This allows the nurse to assess the severity of the situation, gather more information, provide immediate support, and establish rapport with the patient. It also helps in forming a safety plan and determining the level of risk.


Choice A is incorrect because it does not address the immediate need for support and assessment.
Choice C is incorrect as seclusion may escalate the situation and is not the best approach for someone expressing suicidal ideation.
Choice D is incorrect as it is not the most immediate priority and does not directly address the patient's current emotional state.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because the goal of the cognitive-behavioral theory model according to Beck and Ellis is to substitute rational beliefs for irrational ones and eliminate self-defeating behaviors. This approach focuses on identifying and challenging negative thought patterns and beliefs that contribute to emotional distress and maladaptive behaviors. By replacing irrational beliefs with rational ones, individuals can improve their mental health and overall well-being.

A: Developing satisfactory relationships, maturity, and freedom from anxiety is more aligned with a humanistic or social learning theory perspective, not specifically cognitive-behavioral theory.
C: Facing reality and developing standards for behaving responsibly is important but not the primary goal of cognitive-behavioral therapy.
D: Reducing bodily tensions and managing stress through biofeedback and relaxation training is more related to relaxation techniques and stress management, not the core focus of cognitive-behavioral therapy.