ATI RN
Health Assessment and Physical Examination Test Bank Questions
Question 1 of 5
A patient is examined with the ophthalmoscope and found to have red reflexes bilaterally. Which of the following have you essentially excluded from your differential?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Retinoblastoma typically presents with a white reflex, known as leukocoria or a cat's eye reflex, instead of the normal red reflex seen during ophthalmoscopy. The presence of red reflexes bilaterally in this case essentially rules out retinoblastoma as a differential diagnosis.
Question 2 of 5
A high school soccer player "blew out his knee" when the opposing goalie's head and shoulder struck his flexed knee while the goalie was diving for the ball. All of the following structures were involved in some way in his injury, but which of the following is actually an extra-articular structure?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Tendons are the correct answer as they are an extra-articular structure. Tendons are fibrous connective tissue that attach muscles to bones, providing stability and transmitting forces during movements. In the context of the scenario provided, the player's knee injury involved structures within the joint such as the synovium (
A), joint capsule (
B), and juxta-articular bone (
C), but the tendons (
D) are located outside of the joint itself.
Question 3 of 5
A tender, painful swelling of the scrotum should suggest which of the following?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A tender, painful swelling of the scrotum is a common symptom of acute epididymitis, which is the inflammation of the epididymis. The epididymis is a tube located at the back of the testicle that stores and transports sperm. In acute epididymitis, the swelling is usually accompanied by pain, tenderness, redness, and warmth in the affected area. Other symptoms may include fever, chills, and discharge from the penis. Prompt medical evaluation and treatment are necessary to prevent complications such as abscess formation or chronic epididymitis. Strangulated inguinal hernia and torsion of the spermatic cord may present with severe pain and swelling in the scrotum, but they have distinct mechanisms and require different management approaches.
Question 4 of 5
Mr. Jackson is a 50-year-old African-American who has had discomfort between his scrotum and anus. He also has had some fevers and dysuria. Your rectal examination is halted by tenderness anteriorly, but no frank mass is palpable. What is your most likely diagnosis?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The most likely diagnosis in this case is prostatitis. Prostatitis is the inflammation or infection of the prostate gland, which can cause symptoms such as discomfort between the scrotum and anus (perineum), fevers, and dysuria (painful urination). The tenderness anteriorly during rectal examination is consistent with prostatitis as the prostate gland is located in front of the rectum and can be tender to touch when inflamed. Prostate cancer typically presents with symptoms such as urinary frequency, nocturia, hematuria, or bone pain, and is less likely to cause the symptoms described in this scenario. Colon cancer and colonic polyps are less likely as they would not typically cause discomfort in the perineal area or dysuria.
Question 5 of 5
You ask a patient to draw a clock. He fills in all the numbers on the right half of the circle. What do you suspect?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Filling in all the numbers on just one side of the clock when asked to draw a clock suggests a visual field deficit, typically seen in hemianopsia. Hemianopsia is a visual impairment where half of the visual field is lost due to neurological damage or injury, such as a stroke. This causes the individual to have difficulty perceiving or attending to objects in the affected visual field. In this case, the patient's right visual field may be affected, leading to the specific pattern of filling numbers on the right half of the clock. It is essential to further assess and refer the patient for a complete visual field evaluation and neurological examination.