RN ATI Capstone Pharmacology 2 Quiz -Nurselytic

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: One major side effect to monitor in a patient taking Lithium for bipolar I disorder is the risk of seizures. Lithium is known to lower the seizure threshold, increasing the likelihood of seizures occurring, especially if the patient has any pre-existing risk factors for seizures.
Therefore, it is critical to closely monitor patients on Lithium for any signs or symptoms of seizures and promptly address them if they occur to prevent any complications. Monitoring lithium levels and maintaining them within the therapeutic range can also help reduce the risk of seizures.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Albumin is a plasma protein that helps maintain the oncotic pressure in the blood vessels and prevents fluid from leaking out into the tissues. During an infusion of albumin, there is a risk of fluid volume overload, especially in patients with existing heart failure or kidney disease. The nurse must monitor the patient closely for signs and symptoms of fluid volume overload, such as edema, shortness of breath, crackles in the lungs, and increased blood pressure. Prompt recognition and management of fluid volume overload are essential to prevent complications such as pulmonary edema and worsening heart failure. Hypernatremia and fluid volume deficit are unlikely to occur during an albumin infusion, and a transfusion reaction is not associated with albumin administration.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Severe hyperkalemia (K+ 7.4 mmol/L) in renal failure causes broad complex tachycardia, risking arrest. Amiodarone treats arrhythmias but not hyperkalemia's cause. Digoxin is contraindicated in hyperkalemia and renal failure. IV calcium gluconate stabilizes cardiac membranes, countering potassium's depolarizing effect, appropriate immediate management. Pacing or colestyramine (potassium binder) are secondary. Calcium's rapid action protects the heart, buying time for dialysis, critical in this life-threatening scenario.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Trimethoprim inhibits dihydrofolate reductase, not activates it, blocking folate synthesis in bacteria, so that's false. It's a weak base, a true statement, aiding its concentration in acidic environments like urine. It has good prostate penetration, effective in prostatitis, making that false. It distributes into CSF, useful in meningitis, so that's incorrect. It's teratogenic, not harmless in pregnancy. Its basic nature enhances its antibacterial efficacy, a key pharmacokinetic advantage in urinary tract infections.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Chronic high-dose caffeine cessation causes withdrawal. Lethargy -reflects reduced adenosine blockade, leading to fatigue. Migraine , nausea , and vomiting (E) may occur, but lethargy is most common. Tinnitus isn't typical. His 20-year habit predicts this CNS depression.