microbiology chapter 10 test bank -Nurselytic

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microbiology chapter 10 test bank Questions

Question 1 of 5

... structure of bacteria are:

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Cytoplasmic membrane - essential. The cytoplasmic membrane is a crucial structure in bacteria as it regulates the passage of substances in and out of the cell, provides structural support, and is essential for maintaining cell integrity. Without a functional cytoplasmic membrane, bacteria would not be able to survive.

A: Nucleus is incorrect because bacteria do not have a true nucleus.
B: Capsule - non-essential is incorrect because while the capsule provides protection and helps in adherence, it is not essential for bacterial survival.
C: Mitochondria is incorrect because bacteria do not have mitochondria; they generate energy through other mechanisms.

In summary, the cytoplasmic membrane is essential for bacterial survival, making it the correct choice among the options provided.

Question 2 of 5

A smear from frothy and purulent vaginal discharges of a 42 y.o. woman was stained by Romanovsky-Giemsa method. Its analysis revealed some microorganisms of flagellates class. What microorganism were the most probably revealed?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Trichomonas vaginalis. Trichomonas vaginalis is a flagellated protozoan that causes trichomoniasis, a sexually transmitted infection commonly found in vaginal discharges. In this case, the presence of flagellates in the vaginal discharge aligns with the characteristics of Trichomonas vaginalis. Leishmania donovani causes leishmaniasis, transmitted by sandflies. Trypanosoma gambiense causes African sleeping sickness through the tsetse fly bite. Trihomonas hominis is a non-pathogenic flagellate found in the human intestine.
Therefore, the correct choice is A due to the correlation between the flagellates found in the vaginal discharge and the characteristics of Trichomonas vaginalis.

Question 3 of 5

Examination of a child revealed some whitish spots looking like coagulated milk on the mucous membrane of his cheeks and tongue. Analysis of smears revealed gram-positive oval yeast-like cells. What causative agents are they?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Candida. The whitish spots resembling coagulated milk on the mucous membranes are characteristic of oral thrush, a condition caused by Candida species. Candida is a gram-positive oval yeast-like fungus commonly found in the oral cavity. Staphylococci (
B) are gram-positive cocci, not yeast-like cells. Diphtheria bacillus (
C) causes diphtheria, not oral thrush. Actinomycetes (
D) are filamentous bacteria, not yeast-like cells typically seen in oral thrush.
Therefore, A is the correct answer based on the clinical presentation and microscopic findings.

Question 4 of 5

A patient with a painful ulcer had a wound culture revealing Gram-negative rods with a characteristic 'safety pin' appearance. What is the most likely causative agent?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Yersinia pestis. Y. pestis is a Gram-negative rod that exhibits a 'safety pin' appearance on staining due to bipolar staining. This bacterium is the causative agent of plague, which can present as painful ulcers known as buboes. Y. pestis is transmitted by fleas and can cause outbreaks in humans.

Summary:
- B: Francisella tularensis causes tularemia, not typically associated with painful ulcers.
- C: Brucella abortus causes brucellosis, which does not typically present with painful ulcers.
- D: Clostridium botulinum causes botulism, characterized by muscle weakness and paralysis, not painful ulcers.

Question 5 of 5

A 30 y.o. patient is diagnosed with amebic dysentery. This diagnosis was bacteriologically confirmed. Name the preparation for its treatment:

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Metronidazole. Amebic dysentery is caused by the parasite Entamoeba histolytica, not bacteria. Metronidazole is the drug of choice for treating this parasitic infection. It works by disrupting the DNA structure of the parasite, leading to its death. Mebendazole (
B) is used to treat certain worm infections, not amebic dysentery. Itrakonazole (
C) is an antifungal medication and not effective against parasites. Furacillin (
D) is an antibacterial agent and not suitable for treating parasitic infections like amebic dysentery.

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