ATI RN
ATI Practice Exam Pharmacology The Endocrine System Questions
Question 1 of 5
All are true of morphine , except :
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Morphine is a potent opioid analgesic that is commonly used for pain management, but it is not typically used to treat diarrhea and dysentery. Instead, medications such as loperamide or diphenoxylate/atropine are more commonly employed for managing diarrhea. Morphine can actually cause constipation as a side effect due to its action on opioid receptors in the gut.
Therefore, the statement that morphine is used to treat diarrhea and dysentery is false.
Question 2 of 5
Enzymatic activity that changes a medication into a less active form is an example of
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Enzymatic change to a less active form is metabolism, a pharmacokinetic process altering drugs for excretion, distinct from pharmacodynamics (drug effects), active transport (energy-driven movement), or diffusion (passive spread). Pharmacokinetics governs this transformation, key to drug handling.
Question 3 of 5
Which of the following describes the relationship of the blood concentration attained with initial dosing and the dose of drug given
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The relationship of the blood concentration attained with initial dosing and the dose of drug given is best described by the concept of steady state. Steady state refers to the point at which the rate of drug input (dose) equals the rate of drug elimination, resulting in consistent drug levels in the blood. Achieving steady state typically requires several half-lives of the drug, during which the drug concentration gradually increases with each dose until it stabilizes. The dose of the drug given will influence how quickly steady state is reached and at what concentration the drug will be maintained in the body. Factors such as bioavailability, half-life, volume of distribution, and clearance play important roles in determining the dosage needed to reach and maintain steady state drug levels in the body.
Question 4 of 5
The nurse acknowledges that the first-line drug for treating this client's blood pressure might be which drug?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: ACE inhibitors are considered a first-line drug for treating hypertension in many patients. They work by inhibiting the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II, a potent vasoconstrictor, leading to vasodilation and a decrease in blood pressure. ACE inhibitors are well tolerated and have been shown to reduce the risk of cardiovascular events and mortality in patients with hypertension. Other medication classes such as diuretics, alpha blockers, and alpha/beta blockers may also be used in the management of hypertension but ACE inhibitors are often preferred as a first-line therapy due to their efficacy, safety profile, and proven outcomes in hypertension management.
Question 5 of 5
The nurse is monitoring a post-renal transplantation client taking cyclosporine (Neoral). The nurse observes an elevation in one of the client's vital signs and the client is complaining of sweating and
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Cyclosporine is an immunosuppressant medication commonly used in post-renal transplantation clients to prevent organ rejection. One of the common side effects of cyclosporine is hypertension, which can lead to an elevation in pulse rate. The increase in pulse rate is a compensatory mechanism by the body in response to increased blood pressure. Additionally, sweating can also be a side effect of cyclosporine, adding to the client's discomfort.
Therefore, when a nurse observes an elevation in pulse rate along with sweating in a post-renal transplantation client taking cyclosporine, it is important to monitor closely for signs of hypertension and assess the need for further evaluation or intervention.