ATI RN
ATI Pharmacology Assessment 2 Questions
Question 1 of 5
A 21-year-old male presents to the clinic with 6 weeks of painful, bloody stools. Flexible sigmoidoscopy reveals erythema and friability with pseudopolyps. Which of the following drugs used for ulcerative colitis has both anti-inflammatory and antibacterial properties?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Ulcerative colitis (U
C) presents with bloody stools and mucosal inflammation, as seen on sigmoidoscopy. Sulfasalazine is correct-it combines 5-ASA (anti-inflammatory) and sulfapyridine (antibacterial), reducing inflammation and bacterial overgrowth in UC. Azathioprine is an immunosuppressant, lacking antibacterial action. Cyclosporine is immunosuppressive, not antibacterial. Mesalamine is anti-inflammatory only. Olsalazine (E) is similar to mesalamine. Sulfasalazine's dual action targets UC's inflammatory and microbial components, making it uniquely suited among the options for this chronic condition.
Question 2 of 5
A 29-year-old man with recurrent allergic rhinitis presents to his primary care physician for evaluation. He states that his symptoms are more problematic lately and desires treatment. He has begun on fexofenadine. Which of the following adverse reactions is possible in this patient?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Fexofenadine, a non-sedating antihistamine, may cause headache , a common side effect. Anxiety , cough , otitis , and respiratory infection (E) are less frequent. Its minimal CNS penetration suits rhinitis, but headache requires awareness.
Question 3 of 5
Local vasoconstriction is of short duration and can be prolonged by application of:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Thromboxane is a vasoconstrictor that is released by platelets during the process of blood clotting. Local vasoconstriction is a temporary response that occurs to reduce bleeding at the site of injury. Thromboxane plays a role in this process by constricting the blood vessels temporarily to limit blood flow to the injured area. By prolonging the application of thromboxane, vasoconstriction can be prolonged to support the clotting process and minimize bleeding. Adrenaline, steroids, heparin, and thrombin do not have the same vasoconstrictive properties as thromboxane.
Question 4 of 5
Which of the following is an action of the drug Metformin?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Metformin is a commonly prescribed medication for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. One of the main actions of Metformin is to decrease hepatic glucose production by suppressing gluconeogenesis in the liver. By reducing the amount of glucose produced by the liver, Metformin helps lower blood sugar levels in individuals with diabetes. This action helps improve insulin sensitivity and overall glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes. The other options provided in the question do not describe the primary mechanism of action of Metformin.
Question 5 of 5
A client is prescribed prednisone for rheumatoid arthritis. Which side effect should the nurse teach the client to report immediately?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Prednisone, a corticosteroid, manages inflammation but risks serious side effects. Blurred vision may signal glaucoma or cataracts, ocular emergencies requiring immediate reporting to prevent vision loss. Increased appetite and weight gain are common, manageable effects of cortisol excess. Mood swings occur due to CNS effects but are less urgent unless severe. Blurred vision stands out as a rare but critical adverse reaction, linked to prednisone's long-term impact on intraocular pressure or lens opacity. Teaching this ensures early detection, aligning with corticosteroid monitoring where eye complications can escalate fast. Appetite, weight, and mood changes, while disruptive, don't match this urgency, making C the priority side effect for the client to report promptly.