ATI RN
Human Growth and Development Clep Practice Exam Questions
Question 1 of 5
A __________ is a means of building schemes in which an infant who has stumbled onto a new experience caused by his or her own motor activity tries to repeat the event again and again.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A circular reaction is a process where an infant repeats a specific action to explore and learn about the environment through their own motor activity. This repetition helps the infant to understand the consequences of their actions and build cognitive schemes. Sensorimotor reflex (choice
A) refers to automatic responses to stimuli, not a purposeful repetition of actions to learn. Mental representation (choice
C) involves internal cognitive structures to represent objects or events in the mind, which is different from the repetitive behavior described in the question. Goal-directed behavior (choice
D) is purposeful and intentional, unlike the repetitive nature of circular reactions in infants' learning process.
Question 2 of 5
During adolescence, the young person's vision of self becomes __________.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: During adolescence, self-concept becomes more organized and consistent as individuals integrate different aspects of their identity. This process involves understanding oneself better, recognizing strengths and weaknesses, and forming a more coherent sense of identity.
Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because adolescence is typically a period of increased self-awareness and growth, leading to a more structured and integrated self-concept, rather than one that is inconsistent, less complex, or unbalanced.
Question 3 of 5
Vygotsky saw __________ as the foundation for all higher cognitive processes.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Corrected
Rationale: Vygotsky believed that language plays a crucial role in the development of higher cognitive functions. Language enables individuals to communicate, think abstractly, and engage in complex problem-solving, forming the foundation for higher cognitive processes. Egocentrism (
Choice
A) refers to a stage in Piaget's theory of cognitive development, not Vygotsky's. Sensorimotor activity (
Choice
C) is part of Piaget's stages of cognitive development, focusing on how infants understand the world through sensory experiences and physical actions. Self-reflection (
Choice
D) involves introspection and examination of one's thoughts and feelings, which is not the central concept in Vygotsky's theory.
Question 4 of 5
When Reggie takes his baby son, Tyson, to his workplace for the first time, Reggie's assistant abruptly picks Tyson up and walks around the office. Tyson cries and reaches out for Reggie. Tyson is expressing __________.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Tyson is experiencing stranger anxiety in this situation. Stranger anxiety is a common response in infants when they are exposed to unfamiliar people, causing distress and prompting the infant to seek comfort and familiarity, usually from their primary caregiver. This aligns with Tyson crying and reaching out for Reggie, as he is showing signs of discomfort and wariness towards the assistant, who is a stranger to him.
Choice A, sadness, does not fit the scenario as Tyson's reaction is more related to fear and discomfort rather than sorrow.
Choice C, separation anxiety, is not the correct answer in this context as separation anxiety pertains to distress when separated from a primary caregiver, not when encountering unfamiliar individuals.
Choice D, disgust, is also not applicable as Tyson's behavior is not based on revulsion but rather on being in an unfamiliar and distressing situation.
Question 5 of 5
What increases from early to middle adulthood?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Possible selves are ideas about what one might become in the future, which increase during the transition from early to middle adulthood. This period is characterized by individuals exploring and considering different potential future selves. Self-doubt (choice
B) typically decreases as individuals become more confident and self-assured in middle adulthood. Destructiveness (choice
C) is not a common developmental trend during this period. Autonomy (choice
D) is a concept related to independence and self-governance, which may develop over a person's lifespan but does not specifically increase during the transition from early to middle adulthood.