Correct Answer: B

Rationale: According to Erikson's theory of psychosocial development, despair is the stage that aging adults face when they reflect on their life and feel they have not achieved their goals, with little time left to correct their mistakes. Mistrust (choice
A) is associated with infancy, stagnation (choice
C) with middle adulthood, and isolation (choice
D) with young adulthood, and are not relevant to the described scenario of aging adults reflecting on their life decisions.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: According to Erikson's psychosocial theory, the danger in middle childhood is 'inferiority.' During this stage, children may develop a sense of inadequacy and inferiority if they are unable to master the social and academic tasks expected of them. This feeling of inferiority can lead to low self-esteem and pessimism about their abilities.
Choice A, 'shame,' is more closely associated with Erikson's stage of autonomy vs. shame and doubt in early childhood.
Choice B, 'mistrust,' is linked to Erikson's stage of trust vs. mistrust in infancy.
Choice D, 'despair,' is related to Erikson's stage of integrity vs. despair in late adulthood.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is 'the United States.' According to the information provided, the United States has the highest percentage of extremely poor children among Western nations. This is supported by the extract, which states that the United States leads in this aspect.

Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as the question specifically asks for the country with the highest percentage of extremely poor children among Western nations, which is the United States.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: During adolescence, self-concept becomes more organized and consistent as individuals integrate different aspects of their identity. This process involves understanding oneself better, recognizing strengths and weaknesses, and forming a more coherent sense of identity.

Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because adolescence is typically a period of increased self-awareness and growth, leading to a more structured and integrated self-concept, rather than one that is inconsistent, less complex, or unbalanced.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: According to Erikson's theory of psychosocial development, the major personality attainment of adolescence is identity. During adolescence, individuals go through a stage called 'Identity vs. Role Confusion,' where they explore different roles and develop a sense of self. Trust (choice
A) is associated with the first stage of Erikson's theory, autonomy (choice
C) is linked to the toddler stage, and intimacy (choice
D) is a key aspect of the young adulthood stage.