ATI RN
Human Growth and Development Clep Practice Exam Questions
Question 1 of 5
A __________ is a means of building schemes in which an infant who has stumbled onto a new experience caused by his or her own motor activity tries to repeat the event again and again.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A circular reaction is a process where an infant repeats a specific action to explore and learn about the environment through their own motor activity. This repetition helps the infant to understand the consequences of their actions and build cognitive schemes. Sensorimotor reflex (choice
A) refers to automatic responses to stimuli, not a purposeful repetition of actions to learn. Mental representation (choice
C) involves internal cognitive structures to represent objects or events in the mind, which is different from the repetitive behavior described in the question. Goal-directed behavior (choice
D) is purposeful and intentional, unlike the repetitive nature of circular reactions in infants' learning process.
Question 2 of 5
Among all Western nations, which country has the highest percentage of extremely poor children?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is 'the United States.' According to the information provided, the United States has the highest percentage of extremely poor children among Western nations. This is supported by the extract, which states that the United States leads in this aspect.
Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as the question specifically asks for the country with the highest percentage of extremely poor children among Western nations, which is the United States.
Question 3 of 5
Most cognitive aging research has focused on intellectual ________.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is 'D: deficits.' Most cognitive aging research has indeed focused on deficits rather than stability, gains, or competence. Studies have consistently shown that deficits in processing speed and memory are common in aging individuals, making it a primary area of interest in research.
Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because cognitive aging research primarily aims to understand and address deficits associated with aging rather than focusing on stability, gains, or overall competence.
Question 4 of 5
Two-year-old Eva's parents meet her assertions of independence with tolerance and understanding. They provide suitable guidance and reassurance. According to Erikson's theory, Eva will develop __________ as a result.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: According to Erikson's theory of psychosocial development, when parents support a child's growing independence with guidance and reassurance, the child develops a sense of autonomy. Autonomy is characterized by a growing sense of self-control, confidence, and independence. Basic trust (choice
A) is associated with the first stage of Erikson's theory (trust vs. mistrust) during infancy. Mistrust (choice
B) arises when a child's basic needs are not met consistently, leading to a lack of trust in the world. Industry (choice
D) is related to Erikson's later stages of development and involves competence and productivity in work and tasks.
Question 5 of 5
Which of the following is the best available predictor of infant survival and healthy development?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is 'Birth weight.' Birth weight is a crucial indicator of an infant's chances of survival and well-being. Low birth weight is associated with various health risks and developmental challenges. Birth length (choice
A) is not as significant in predicting infant outcomes as birth weight. The Combined Apgar score (choice
B) is a measure of the newborn's health status at birth, not a predictor of long-term survival and development. Delivery date (choice
C) is important for determining gestational age but is not as directly related to infant survival and healthy development as birth weight.