Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: 'potassium.' The DASH diet is rich in potassium, which helps lower blood pressure, making it more effective than the typical American diet, which is often low in this essential mineral.
Choice A, 'vitamin C,' is incorrect as the comparison is about fiber and another nutrient, not vitamin C.
Choice B, 'iron,' is incorrect as the discussion is about fiber and a mineral that helps lower blood pressure, not iron.
Choice D, 'sodium,' is incorrect as the DASH diet actually focuses on reducing sodium intake for better blood pressure control, so it wouldn't be a nutrient found in higher amounts compared to the typical American diet.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COP
D), higher fat intake can be beneficial because it provides more calories with less respiratory burden compared to carbohydrates.

Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because congestive heart failure, cerebrovascular accident, and peripheral vascular disease do not specifically benefit from higher fat intakes as in COPD.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The gallbladder releases bile into the small intestine to help digest fats. Bile emulsifies fats, breaking them down into smaller droplets for easier digestion. The stomach primarily releases gastric acid, the liver produces bile but stores it in the gallbladder, and the pancreas secretes bicarbonate to neutralize stomach acid in the small intestine.
Therefore, choices A, B, and C are incorrect.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. High levels of LDL (low-density lipoprotein) cholesterol are undesirable as they are associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease.
Therefore, low total cholesterol (choice
A), high HDL (choice
C), and low blood triglycerides (choice
D) are considered desirable blood lipid values. Low total cholesterol is beneficial as high levels can increase the risk of heart disease. High HDL cholesterol is considered good as it helps remove LDL cholesterol from the arteries. Low blood triglycerides are also preferred as high levels are associated with an increased risk of heart disease.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, All of the above. Carbohydrates and proteins provide 4 kcal per gram, while fats provide 9 kcal per gram.
Therefore, all three energy-yielding nutrients provide different amounts of energy to the body.
Choice A, B, and C are incorrect because each of them individually provides a specific amount of energy per gram, but when considering all nutrients together, they collectively cover the spectrum of energy provision to the body.