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free microbiology test bank questions pdf Questions
Question 1 of 5
The bacteria responsible for anthrax is:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Bacillus anthracis. This bacterium is known to cause anthrax, a serious infectious disease in humans and animals. Bacillus anthracis is a gram-positive, spore-forming bacterium that produces toxins leading to the characteristic symptoms of anthrax. Clostridium tetani causes tetanus, Mycobacterium tuberculosis causes tuberculosis, and Streptococcus pneumoniae causes pneumonia, none of which are related to anthrax.
Therefore, based on the specific pathogen responsible for anthrax, Bacillus anthracis is the correct answer.
Question 2 of 5
The prokaryotic cell does not possess:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Endoplasmic reticulum. Prokaryotic cells lack membrane-bound organelles like the endoplasmic reticulum, which is present in eukaryotic cells. Prokaryotes do possess ribosomes for protein synthesis (
A), a chromosome (
C) for genetic material, and peptidoglycan (
D) in their cell walls. The absence of endoplasmic reticulum is a key characteristic that distinguishes prokaryotic cells from eukaryotic cells.
Question 3 of 5
When examining a patient with a suspicion of food toxicoinfection, a doctor on duty has detected symptoms characteristic of botulism. The patient named the meals he had eaten the day before. What is the most probable cause of infection?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Homemade canned meat. Botulism is often caused by consuming improperly canned or preserved foods, particularly meats. The spores of the Clostridium botulinum bacteria can grow in anaerobic conditions, such as those found in improperly canned foods, leading to the production of the botulinum toxin. The symptoms of botulism align with those characteristic of the patient's condition.
Explanation of why the other choices are incorrect:
B: Custard pastry from private bakery - Unlikely to be the cause of botulism as this type of food is not typically associated with the growth of Clostridium botulinum.
C: Sour cream from local dairy factory - While dairy products can sometimes be sources of foodborne illness, botulism is not commonly associated with sour cream.
D: Strawberries from suburban vegetable garden - Botulism is not typically transmitted through fresh fruits or vegetables, making this an unlikely source of infection.
Question 4 of 5
A patient working at a pig farm complains about paroxysmal abdominal pain, liquid feces with admixtures of mucus and blood, headache, weakness, fever. Examination of large intestine revealed ulcers from 1 mm up to several cm large, feces contained oval unicellular organisms with cilia. What disease should be suspected?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale:
Rationale: The symptoms described are consistent with Balantidiasis, caused by the parasite Balantidium coli. The presence of ciliated oval organisms in the feces is characteristic of this disease. Ulcers in the large intestine are common in Balantidiasis due to tissue invasion by the parasite. Headache, fever, and abdominal pain are typical symptoms. Other choices can be ruled out:
B) Amebiasis presents with similar symptoms but usually involves the liver.
C)
Toxoplasmosis typically presents with lymphadenopathy and flu-like symptoms.
D) Lambliasis usually causes watery diarrhea without blood or mucus.
Therefore, the correct answer is A: Balantidiasis.
Question 5 of 5
Which fact is correct about the nucleoids in bacteria:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because nucleoids in bacteria can vary in number from 1 to 4 depending on the specific bacterial cell and its growth and replication phases. This is due to the dynamic nature of bacterial cells and their genetic material organization.
Choice A is incorrect because nucleoids do not contain nuclear membranes or multiple haploid chromosomes like eukaryotic nuclei.
Choice B is incorrect as there is no known method of reabsorbing nucleoids by Neisser.
Choice D is incorrect as option C is indeed the correct statement regarding the number of nucleoids in bacterial cells.