free microbiology test bank questions pdf -Nurselytic

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Syphilis. Hutchinson's triad is a classic presentation of congenital syphilis in children. Barrel-shaped incisors, parenchymatous keratitis, and deafness are key manifestations. Barrel-shaped incisors result from mulberry molars, a type of abnormal tooth. Parenchymatous keratitis is an inflammation of the cornea, a common ocular sign in congenital syphilis. Deafness can occur due to damage to the auditory nerve caused by the infection.

Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as they do not typically present with the specific triad of symptoms seen in congenital syphilis.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale:
Rationale:
1. Presence of gram-negative bacilli suggests Enterobacteriaceae family, which includes E. coli.
2. Green soluble pigment indicates pyocyanin production, characteristic of E. coli.
3. E. coli is the most common cause of acute cystitis due to its ability to colonize the urinary tract.
Summary:
A: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is not typically associated with acute cystitis and does not produce mucous colonies.
B: Klebsiella pneumoniae may cause UTIs, but does not produce green pigment and is less common than E. coli.
D: Salmonella enteritidis is associated with gastrointestinal infections, not cystitis.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D. Isoniazid inhibits pyridoxal phosphate synthesis, which is the active form of vitamin B6. Pyridoxal phosphate is essential for various enzymatic reactions, including neurotransmitter synthesis and myelin formation.
Therefore, isoniazid-induced pyridoxal phosphate deficiency can lead to neurological symptoms like polyneuritis, paresthesia, memory disorders, and convulsions.

A: Disruption of cell membrane synthesis - This is not the mechanism of isoniazid side-effects.
B: Inhibition of protein synthesis - Isoniazid does not directly inhibit protein synthesis.
C: Inhibition of RNA-synthesis - Isoniazid does not inhibit RNA synthesis; it affects vitamin B6 metabolism.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because enriched growth media provide essential nutrients that support the growth of target bacteria groups without inhibiting the growth of other microorganisms. This allows for the selective cultivation of specific microbes while still allowing for the growth of other organisms present in the sample.
Choice A is incorrect because enriched media do not belong to minimal media and do not inhibit the development of gram+ cocci.
Choice C is incorrect because enriched media can support the growth of multiple microbial species.
Choice D is incorrect because enriched media do not suppress the development of other microorganisms but rather provide nutrients to support their growth alongside the target bacteria groups.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because protozoan emerging and reemerging diseases fall under Group I according to the classification of infectious diseases by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CD
C). Group I includes diseases caused by newly identified or known infectious agents that have increased in incidence or geographic range.
Choice B (Group II) includes diseases that have re-emerged due to antimicrobial resistance or lack of previous vaccination.
Choice C (Group III) encompasses diseases that can be transmitted from animals to humans, and choice D (Group IV) includes diseases that are caused by re-introduction of eradicated pathogens.