Pediatric Nursing Study Guide -Nurselytic

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In the context of dating violence and date rape, the correct substance commonly used in episodes of sexual assault is alcohol (Option
A). This is because alcohol consumption is frequently associated with impaired judgment, decreased inhibitions, and loss of control, making individuals more vulnerable to sexual assault.

Benzodiazepines (Option
B) are also central nervous system depressants like alcohol, but they are less commonly associated with sexual assault scenarios among adolescents. Cocaine (Option
C) is a stimulant drug that typically does not lead to the same level of impaired decision-making and vulnerability as alcohol in the context of sexual assault. Marijuana (Option
D) is a psychoactive substance that can cause relaxation and altered perception but is less likely to be involved in cases of sexual assault compared to alcohol.

Educationally, it is important to highlight the link between substance use and sexual assault to raise awareness among adolescents, especially young women who are at higher risk. Teaching about the effects of different substances on decision-making and vulnerability can empower individuals to make informed choices to protect themselves. Understanding the role of alcohol in sexual assault can also help healthcare providers and educators better support and counsel young people who may have experienced such trauma.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In pediatric nursing, understanding the characteristic features of different conditions is crucial for accurate assessment and treatment. Psoriatic arthritis is a chronic autoimmune condition that affects both the skin and joints. The correct answer is
A) Enthesitis, which is a hallmark feature of psoriatic arthritis. Enthesitis refers to inflammation at the site where tendons or ligaments insert into the bone, commonly seen in psoriatic arthritis.

Option
B) Morning stiffness is a common symptom in various types of arthritis, including rheumatoid arthritis, but it is not a specific characteristic feature of psoriatic arthritis. Option
C) Uveitis is an inflammatory condition of the eye that can be associated with juvenile idiopathic arthritis but is not a characteristic feature of psoriatic arthritis. Option
D) Raynaud's phenomenon is a condition characterized by exaggerated vasoconstriction of the blood vessels in response to cold or stress, which is not typically seen in psoriatic arthritis.

Educationally, it is essential for pediatric nurses to be able to differentiate between various arthritic conditions based on their characteristic features to provide appropriate care and support to pediatric patients. Understanding the specific features of psoriatic arthritis, such as enthesitis, can aid in early detection, management, and referral to specialists for comprehensive care.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, biologics play a crucial role by targeting specific immune pathways, making option A the correct answer. Biologics are a type of medication derived from living organisms that are designed to interfere with the immune system's processes that lead to inflammation and joint damage in rheumatoid arthritis. By targeting specific immune pathways, biologics help to reduce inflammation, slow down joint damage, and improve overall symptoms in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

Options B, C, and D are incorrect because biologics do not primarily provide symptomatic relief like traditional pain relievers (analgesics), act as painkillers (analgesics), or serve as antibiotics to fight off bacterial infections. Understanding the role of biologics in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis is essential for healthcare providers caring for pediatric patients with this condition. By targeting specific immune pathways, biologics offer a more targeted and effective approach to managing rheumatoid arthritis compared to traditional medications. It is important for healthcare providers to be knowledgeable about the different treatment options available for pediatric patients with rheumatoid arthritis to provide optimal care and improve patient outcomes.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Sjögren's syndrome is an autoimmune condition that primarily affects the exocrine glands, leading to symptoms such as dry eyes (xerophthalmia) and dry mouth (xerostomia).
Therefore, option A, "Dry eyes," is a common feature of Sjögren's syndrome.

Option B, "Joint pain," is not a common feature of Sjögren's syndrome. While some individuals with Sjögren's syndrome may experience joint pain as part of a broader autoimmune response, it is not a defining characteristic of the condition.

Option C, "Salivary gland enlargement," is also a common feature of Sjögren's syndrome. The immune system attacks the salivary glands, leading to their inflammation and enlargement, which contributes to the dry mouth symptoms.

Option D, "All of the above," is the correct answer because Sjögren's syndrome commonly presents with both dry eyes and salivary gland enlargement. Understanding these key features is crucial for healthcare professionals, especially pediatric nurses, as they may encounter children with this condition. Educating nurses on the hallmark signs of Sjögren's syndrome can aid in prompt diagnosis and appropriate management, ultimately improving patient outcomes.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Relapsing polychondritis is a rare autoimmune disorder that primarily affects cartilage in the body. The correct answer is
D) All of the above because a common feature of relapsing polychondritis is inflammation of cartilage, which can present as joint pain due to involvement of the joints where cartilage is present, as well as hearing loss when the cartilage in the ears is affected.

Option
A) Cartilage inflammation is correct as it is a hallmark feature of relapsing polychondritis. Option
B) Joint pain is not the primary feature of the condition but can occur due to cartilage inflammation. Option
C) Hearing loss is also a common manifestation of relapsing polychondritis, especially when the cartilage in the ears is affected.

In an educational context, understanding the clinical manifestations of relapsing polychondritis is crucial for nurses caring for pediatric patients with autoimmune disorders. Recognizing the symptoms early can lead to prompt diagnosis and appropriate management, ultimately improving outcomes for the patients. Nurses play a vital role in assessing, educating, and supporting pediatric patients and their families throughout the diagnostic and treatment process.