ATI RN
microbiology an introduction 13th edition test bank Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which one IS NOT true for the urinary tract infections?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale:
Step 1: Understand haematogenic spread means bacteria traveling through blood.
Step 2: Urinary tract infections typically occur due to bacteria entering through urethra, not via blood.
Step 3:
Choice A states bacterial UTIs are usually after haematogenic spread, which is incorrect.
Step 4:
Therefore,
Choice A is NOT true for UTIs.
Summary: B, C, and D are incorrect as they align with typical characteristics of UTIs.
Question 2 of 5
A 70-year-old man was admitted to the hospital after suffering extensive third-degree burns. Three days later he spiked a fever and there was pus on the dressing that had blue-green colour. Gram stain of the pus revealed gram-negative rods. The most possible cause of these findings is:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: The pyocyanin released by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Pyocyanin is a blue-green pigment produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a common cause of nosocomial infections in burn patients. The presence of blue-green pus and gram-negative rods in the wound along with fever suggests an infection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The other choices are incorrect because E. Coli typically causes gastrointestinal infections and releases enterotoxins, Staphylococcus aureus releases hemolysins causing hemolysis of red blood cells, and Shigella dysenteriae releases shigatoxin causing bloody diarrhea, none of which match the clinical presentation described in the question.
Question 3 of 5
There was a record of some anthrax cases among animals in a countryside. The spread of disease can be prevented by means of immunization. What kind of vaccine should be used?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: BCG vaccine. Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine is used to prevent tuberculosis, which is caused by a bacterium related to anthrax. BCG vaccine can provide cross-protection against anthrax due to its similar mechanisms of action. STI live vaccine (choice
A) is used for sexually transmitted infections, not anthrax. Salk vaccine (choice
C) is used for polio, and Sabin's vaccine (choice
D) is also for polio, not anthrax.
Therefore, BCG vaccine is the most appropriate choice for preventing the spread of anthrax among animals in the countryside.
Question 4 of 5
Which bacteria is known for its ability to resist heat and radiation?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Bacillus subtilis. Bacillus subtilis is known for its ability to resist heat and radiation due to its formation of endospores, which are highly resistant structures that protect the bacterium from harsh environmental conditions. This resilience allows Bacillus subtilis to survive in extreme environments where other bacteria cannot.
Explanation of other choices:
A: Escherichia coli is not known for its exceptional resistance to heat and radiation.
C: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is not particularly resistant to heat and radiation compared to Bacillus subtilis.
D: Clostridium perfringens is not as well-known for its heat and radiation resistance as Bacillus subtilis.
Question 5 of 5
What is a “supercapsid�
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because a supercapsid is a lipoprotein membrane that encloses the nucleocapsid, providing protection to the genetic material inside. This structure is distinct from the capsid which is the protein coat surrounding the nucleic acid.
Choice A is incorrect as there is no shell located between the capsid and supercapsid.
Choice C is incorrect as it describes the nucleocapsid itself, not the supercapsid.
Choice D is incorrect as a protein envelope around the nucleic acid does not specifically refer to a supercapsid.