Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C, Down syndrome. Down syndrome is often associated with short stature and limited mobility, which can contribute to feeding difficulties and obesity. Parkinson's disease (choice
A) primarily affects motor function, but it is not typically associated with short stature. Muscular dystrophy (choice
B) primarily impacts muscle strength and does not necessarily lead to short stature. Multiple sclerosis (choice
D) is a neurological condition affecting the central nervous system and does not directly cause short stature or feeding difficulties as seen in Down syndrome.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The corrected question emphasizes that patients with eating disorders like bulimia should not brush immediately after vomiting as it can worsen enamel erosion due to the acidic content in the mouth. The correct answer is D because patients should rinse with water or a fluoride mouthwash instead of brushing to protect their teeth.
Choice A is incorrect because encouraging patients to brush after vomiting is not recommended.
Choice B is incorrect as the reason provided is valid but not suitable for the action of encouraging brushing.
Choice C is incorrect as the reason for not brushing after vomiting is to prevent enamel erosion.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Abdominal pain is a common symptom of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), along with bloating and changes in bowel habits. Rectal bleeding (choice
A) is more commonly associated with conditions like inflammatory bowel disease or colorectal cancer. Rectal fissures (choice
C) may cause rectal bleeding but are not typically considered a core symptom of IBS. Esophageal paralysis (choice
D) is unrelated to the symptoms of IBS, which primarily affect the lower gastrointestinal tract.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Generalized weakness is a key indicator of malnutrition and is often assessed as part of functional status, reflecting muscle wasting and reduced physical function. The other choices, such as severity of illness, presence of pressure sores, and localized edema, are important factors to consider in a clinical assessment but are not primarily indicative of malnutrition risk. Generalized weakness directly relates to the functional impact of malnutrition on physical performance.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: 9. There are 9 essential amino acids that the body cannot synthesize and must be obtained through the diet. These 9 amino acids are histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan, and valine.

Choices A, B, and D are incorrect as they do not represent the correct number of essential amino acids.