ATI RN
microbiology a systems approach test bank Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which of the following is a preferred mode of transmission of HIV from a mother to a child
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because HIV can be transmitted from a mother to a child through multiple modes: during delivery through mixing of blood, during pregnancy through the placenta, and via breastmilk during lactation. Each mode presents a risk of transmission due to the presence of the virus in bodily fluids.
Therefore, all of the above options are preferred modes of transmission for HIV from a mother to a child.
Choices A, B, and C alone do not fully encompass all the possible routes of transmission, making them incorrect.
Question 2 of 5
How do people get infected with diphtheria
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because diphtheria is primarily spread through respiratory droplets and physical contact with an infected person. The bacteria responsible for diphtheria is transmitted through coughing, sneezing, or sharing personal items. Swimming in contaminated water (
A) does not spread diphtheria. Transmission (
B) is a broad term and does not specifically address the mode of transmission for diphtheria. Contaminated food (
D) is not a typical route of diphtheria transmission.
Therefore, option C is the most accurate choice based on the known mode of transmission for diphtheria.
Question 3 of 5
A specimen stained by Ozheshko method contains rod-like microorganisms stained blue with round terminal components stained red. What are these components called?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Spores. In the Ozheshko staining method, spores appear blue with red terminal components. Spores are reproductive structures produced by some bacteria, fungi, and protozoa. Cilia are short, hair-like structures used for movement. Flagella are long, whip-like structures also used for movement. Capsules are outer protective layers surrounding some bacteria. In this case, the description of rod-like microorganisms with blue staining and red terminal components aligns with the characteristics of spores, making it the correct answer.
Question 4 of 5
Bacteria capable of growing at low temperatures are called:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: psychrophiles. Psychrophiles are bacteria that can grow at low temperatures, typically below 20°C. This is because they have adapted to survive and thrive in cold environments. Mesophiles (
A) grow best at moderate temperatures, thermophiles (
B) thrive in high temperatures, and halophiles (
D) prefer high salt concentrations. Psychrophiles are specifically adapted to cold temperatures, making them the correct choice in this scenario.
Question 5 of 5
Which of the following bacteria is responsible for causing syphilis?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale:
Step 1: Treponema pallidum is a spirochete bacterium known to cause syphilis.
Step 2: It is sexually transmitted and can cause various stages of disease.
Step 3: Neisseria gonorrhoeae causes gonorrhea, not syphilis.
Step 4: Chlamydia trachomatis causes chlamydia, not syphilis.
Step 5: Escherichia coli is a common gut bacterium and not responsible for syphilis. Treponema pallidum is the correct answer as it is the specific bacterium known to cause syphilis.