ATI RN
Essential of Pediatric Nursing Test Bank Questions
Question 1 of 5
When performing a newborn assessment, the nurse should measure the vital signs in the following sequence:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: When performing a newborn assessment, it is important to measure the vital signs in the sequence of pulse, respirations, and temperature. This sequence is recommended because measuring the pulse first provides immediate information on the baby's cardiovascular status, followed by respirations to assess respiratory function, and ending with temperature which can be influenced by the other vital signs. This comprehensive approach helps ensure all vital signs are assessed accurately and in a logical order.
Question 2 of 5
Molly, with suspected rheumatic fever, is admitted to the pediatric unit. When obtaining the child's history, the nurseconsiders which information to be most important?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A recent episode of pharyngitis is most important when obtaining the history of a child suspected of having rheumatic fever because rheumatic fever often develops as a complication of inadequately treated streptococcal pharyngitis. It is crucial to determine if there was a recent streptococcal infection to assess the likelihood of rheumatic fever developing. The other symptoms mentioned, such as fever, lack of interest in food, and vomiting, are important as well, but the connection with the recent episode of pharyngitis is more specifically related to the potential development of rheumatic fever in this case.
Question 3 of 5
Which of the following is most likely associated with a cerebrovascular accident (CVA) resulting from congenital heart disease?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Polycythemia, which is an abnormally elevated level of red blood cells in the blood, is commonly associated with congenital heart disease. In cases where there is a congenital heart defect that causes reduced oxygen levels in the blood, the body compensates by producing more red blood cells to try to improve oxygen delivery. This increased red blood cell production can lead to polycythemia. In turn, polycythemia can increase the risk of thrombosis, which is a known risk factor for cerebrovascular accidents (CVAs) or strokes.
Therefore, polycythemia is most likely associated with a CVA resulting from congenital heart disease.
Question 4 of 5
What is most likely the underlying physiology of primary enuresis?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Primary enuresis refers to involuntary wetting during sleep in children who have never been consistently dry at night. The most likely underlying physiology of primary enuresis is delayed bladder maturation. This means that the child's bladder is not yet able to hold urine for the entire night, leading to bedwetting episodes. As children age, their bladder capacity increases and their ability to remain dry at night improves. In most cases, primary enuresis resolves on its own as the child's bladder matures. It is important for parents and caregivers to provide support and reassurance to the child during this time.
Question 5 of 5
In growing children, growth hormone deficiency results in short stature and very slow growth rates. Short stature may result from which of the following?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Short stature due to growth hormone deficiency commonly occurs as a result of anterior pituitary gland hypofunction. The anterior pituitary gland is responsible for releasing growth hormone, which is crucial for proper growth and development, especially during childhood. When there is a deficiency of growth hormone, children may experience slowed growth rates and ultimately result in short stature. Other gland dysfunctions mentioned in the choices, such as posterior pituitary gland hyperfunction, parathyroid gland hyperfunction, and thyroid gland hyperfunction, do not directly impact growth hormone production and are not associated with growth hormone deficiency-related short stature in children.