ATI RN
ATI Intro to Pharmacology Quizlet Questions
Question 1 of 5
A patient with diabetes has a new prescription for the ACE inhibitor lisinopril. She questions this order because her physician has never told her that she has hypertension. What is the best explanation for this order?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct explanation for the prescription of the ACE inhibitor lisinopril for a patient with diabetes who does not have hypertension is that this medication has cardioprotective properties. ACE inhibitors, such as lisinopril, have been shown to have beneficial effects beyond just lowering blood pressure. They have been found to reduce the risk of cardiovascular events and complications in patients with diabetes, even in the absence of hypertension.
Therefore, the prescription of lisinopril for a patient with diabetes may be for its cardioprotective properties rather than for hypertension control.
Question 2 of 5
At a dose of 10 mg, drug X lowers total cholesterol by 50 mg/dL, while a maximum drop in cholesterol of 65 mg/dL is achieved at 40 mg. At a dose of 5 mg, drug Y lowers cholesterol by 50 mg/dL, while a maximum drop in cholesterol of 55 mg/dL is achieved at 10 mg. What can be concluded about the efficacy and potency of these two drugs?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Potency is dose for effect-Drug Y lowers 50 mg/dL at 5 mg, versus X at 10 mg, making Y more potent. Efficacy is max effect-X's 65 mg/dL beats Y's 55 mg/dL, giving X higher efficacy. X isn't more potent-higher dose needed. Y's potency and X's efficacy align with data, per pharmacodynamics.
Question 3 of 5
Action of anticholinergic drugs:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Atropine sulfate is an anticholinergic drug that antagonizes the action of acetylcholine at muscarinic receptors. By blocking the parasympathetic nervous system, atropine produces various effects including decreased salivation, increased heart rate, bronchodilation, and mydriasis (pupillary dilation). These properties make atropine useful in treating conditions such as bradycardia, poisoning with certain toxins, and for dilation of the pupil during eye exams.
Question 4 of 5
A side e昀昀ect given o昀昀 by omeprazole is:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Omeprazole is a proton pump inhibitor commonly used to reduce stomach acid production. One of the side effects of omeprazole is a change in stomach pH. By inhibiting the proton pumps in the stomach lining, omeprazole reduces the production of acid, leading to an increase in the pH level of the stomach. This change in stomach pH can affect the overall balance of acidity in the stomach and may result in various gastrointestinal symptoms such as bloating, gas, or changes in digestion. It is important for individuals taking omeprazole to be aware of this potential side effect and consult their healthcare provider if they experience any unusual symptoms.
Question 5 of 5
The nurse administers atenolol (Tenormin) to a client with hypertension. Which finding would prompt the nurse to hold the dose and notify the physician?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Atenolol, a beta-blocker, lowers blood pressure and heart rate by blocking sympathetic stimulation. A heart rate of 52 bpm is bradycardic (below 60 bpm), a threshold for holding beta-blockers due to risk of inadequate perfusion, especially in hypertension where cardiac output matters. Holding and notifying the physician prevents harm, allowing reassessment. BP of 130/80 is controlled, not urgent. Respiratory rate of 18 and temperature of 98.6°F are normal. Atenolol's selectivity for beta-1 receptors makes bradycardia a key adverse effect, requiring vigilance. This action aligns with nursing protocols for beta-blockers, prioritizing cardiovascular stability, making B the finding warranting immediate intervention.