Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Efferent neurons transmit impulses from the central nervous system to muscles and glands. This is because efferent neurons are responsible for carrying motor signals away from the central nervous system to control muscle movement and gland secretion.

Afferent neurons (choice
A) transmit sensory information from the body to the central nervous system. Affective (choice
B) is not a term used in neuroscience for describing neuron functions. Effective (choice
D) is not a term used in neuroscience and does not describe the specific function of transmitting impulses from the central nervous system to muscles and glands.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Slowing ventilation. The lungs regulate acid-base balance by controlling carbon dioxide levels through ventilation. Increasing ventilation helps expel excess carbon dioxide, thus regulating pH. Slowing ventilation would lead to CO2 buildup and an imbalance in acid-base levels. Excreting HCO3- into the blood (choice
A) helps maintain pH, while increasing ventilation (choice
D) aids in removing excess CO2.
Therefore, slowing ventilation is the exception as it would disrupt the acid-base balance by not effectively regulating carbon dioxide levels.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: a semi-private room. For a burn patient like Mr. Boy, a semi-private room is preferred to provide a more controlled environment for infection prevention, wound care, and privacy. Strict isolation (
A) is not necessary as his burns are not infectious. Liberal visiting (
C) can increase the risk of infection and compromise his recovery. Sharing equipment (
D) can lead to cross-contamination and is not recommended for burn patients. In summary, a semi-private room balances infection control and patient comfort for burn patients.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Rationale for Answer C: Antibodies are produced by the B-cells. B-cells are a type of lymphocyte that differentiate into plasma cells, which are responsible for producing antibodies in response to antigens. This process is a key component of the humoral immune response.
Therefore, the statement that antibodies are produced by the B-cells is true.

Summary of Incorrect

Choices:
A: Antibody-mediated defense occurs through the B-cell system, not the T-cell system. T-cells are involved in cell-mediated immunity.
B: Cellular immunity is mediated by T-cells, not antibodies produced by B-cells.
D: Lymphocytes increasing with an allergic response is not directly related to the production of antibodies by B-cells. Allergic responses involve a different mechanism.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B (126mg/dl) because a fasting plasma glucose level ≥126mg/dl is diagnostic of diabetes. The diagnostic criteria for diabetes include a fasting plasma glucose level ≥126mg/dl on two separate occasions.

Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because they do not meet the diagnostic threshold for diabetes. A (90mg/dl) is within the normal range, C (115mg/dl) is elevated but not diagnostic, and D (180mg/dl) is too high but not necessary for diagnosis. It's crucial to understand the specific diagnostic criteria to accurately identify diabetes.