Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Early life experiences are crucial in shaping brain development and later behavior. These experiences play a significant role in laying the foundation for future mental health and behavior.
Choice A is incorrect because early life experiences do have a profound impact on brain development.
Choice C is incorrect as early life experiences are indeed significant in brain development.
Choice D is incorrect as early life experiences can have lasting effects into adulthood.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The authoritative parenting style is associated with the most positive developmental outcomes. Authoritative parents are responsive to their children's needs while also setting clear expectations and boundaries. This balance fosters a supportive environment that allows children to develop autonomy, self-confidence, and social skills. Authoritarian parenting (choice
A) is characterized by strict rules and harsh discipline, leading to less favorable outcomes. Permissive/indulgent parenting (choice
B) involves being lenient and overly responsive, which can result in children lacking self-discipline. Neglectful/uninvolved parenting (choice
D) is marked by a lack of responsiveness and involvement, resulting in negative developmental outcomes.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Genetic predispositions are indeed a factor in the development of mental disorders, but they are not the sole determining factor. While genetics can predispose individuals to certain conditions, environmental factors, lifestyle choices, and life experiences also play a significant role.
Choice A is incorrect because mental disorders are influenced by a combination of genetic and environmental factors.
Choice C is incorrect as genetic predispositions do have an impact on mental health.
Choice D is incorrect as genetic predispositions do not guarantee the development of mental disorders, as other factors also contribute to their onset.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: A diathesis is indeed the correct term for a predisposition toward developing a disorder. A diathesis refers to an underlying vulnerability or predisposition to a particular condition.
Choice B, 'comorbidity,' refers to the presence of two or more disorders in the same individual.
Choice C, 'genotype,' relates to an individual's genetic makeup.
Choice D, 'phenotype,' refers to the observable characteristics of an organism resulting from the interaction of its genotype with the environment.
Therefore, A is the most appropriate term for describing a predisposition toward developing a disorder.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because high SES as a cause for abnormal behavior is not supported by existing data. Abnormal behavior is often associated with factors like stress, trauma, genetics, or environmental influences. High SES is not a known cause of abnormal behavior.

Choices A, B, and C are more plausible explanations: Low SES may lead to limited access to mental health care, untreated abnormal behavior due to financial constraints, and difficulties in coping with mental health issues after job loss, respectively.