Kaplan and Sadocks Synopsis of Psychiatry Questions -Nurselytic

Correct Answer: C

Rationale:
Rationale:
1. Educating the patient and family is crucial as it helps alleviate anxiety and ensures informed consent.
2. Monitoring vital signs (
A) should be done before, during, and after the procedure, not necessarily in a specific order.
3. Medication administration (
B) should be based on physician's orders but is not the initial step.
4. Checking a signed consent (
D) is important but typically done before proceeding with any procedure, not necessarily in a specific order.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Having positive self-esteem. This is unrelated to depression as depression typically involves feelings of worthlessness and low self-esteem. A: Crying and refusing tasks, B: Answering "I forgot to" questions, and D: Neglecting ADLs are all commonly associated symptoms of depression such as apathy, memory issues, and lack of motivation for self-care.
Therefore, choice C stands out as the symptom unrelated to depression due to its contradiction with the typical manifestations of the condition.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale:
Step 1: Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is a treatment for severe depression and other mental health disorders.

Step 2: Current biological theory suggests that ECT produces changes in brain chemistry, specifically neurotransmitters, leading to improved mood.

Step 3: The correct answer (
A) aligns with this theory by explaining how ECT impacts brain chemistry to alleviate symptoms.

Step 4: Answer B is incorrect as ECT is not used as punishment but as a therapeutic intervention.

Step 5: Answer C is incorrect as ECT is not primarily used to interrupt brain impulses causing hallucinations and delusions.

Step 6: Answer D is incorrect as ECT does not shock the brain into re-establishing normal electrical patterns but rather affects neurotransmitter levels.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because selecting foods high in vitamins A, C, and E supports the principles of the cross-links theory of aging, which focuses on the accumulation of damage from oxidative stress. Vitamins A, C, and E are antioxidants that help combat oxidative stress and reduce the formation of cross-links in tissues. This intervention can potentially slow down the aging process by reducing cellular damage.


Choice A is incorrect because applying an elastin-sustaining moisturizer does not directly address the oxidative stress aspect of the cross-links theory of aging.


Choice B is incorrect as assessing family history for genetic diseases does not specifically target the mechanisms involved in the cross-links theory of aging.


Choice C is incorrect because questioning about exposure to environmental toxins may be important for overall health but is not directly related to the principles of the cross-links theory of aging.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Adventitious crisis. This type of crisis is triggered by external events such as moving to a retirement center after 50 years in the same home. The sudden change in environment can lead to distress and challenges for the elderly couple, causing an adventitious crisis. Acute grief (
A) and traumatic grief (
B) are typically associated with the loss of a loved one, not a change in lifestyle. Chronic sorrow (
C) refers to ongoing grief related to a chronic illness or disability, which is not the case in this scenario.