Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Skinner's behaviorist perspective emphasized that behavior is influenced by external factors and reinforcement, rather than individual free will.
Therefore, Skinner would not agree with the statement that individuals have free will.

Choices A, C, and D align with Skinner's beliefs as he believed that behavior is shaped by external consequences, organisms tend to repeat behaviors leading to positive outcomes, and organisms tend to avoid behaviors leading to neutral or negative outcomes.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Functionalists believed that consciousness evolved because it serves a useful purpose in helping humans adapt to their environment.
Choice A, Behaviorists, focused on observable behaviors rather than consciousness.
Choice B, Humanists, emphasized human potential and self-actualization.
Choice D, Structuralists, studied the basic elements of consciousness rather than its function and purpose.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Alison's belief that individuals learn to be either aggressive or nonaggressive as a result of their experiences aligns with the Behaviorist view of psychology. Behaviorism focuses on how behavior is learned through interactions with the environment, emphasizing the role of experience in shaping behavior. The other options are not directly related to the idea that behavior is learned through experiences: Structuralism focuses on the structure of conscious experience, Functionalism emphasizes the purpose of behavior, and Psychoanalytic theory focuses on the role of unconscious processes.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: 'How many new cases of a disorder occur during a given period of time.' Incidence specifically measures the rate of occurrence of new cases of a particular condition within a defined population and time frame. This distinguishes it from prevalence, which includes both new and existing cases.

Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because they do not accurately define the term 'incidence.'
Choice B refers to recovery, choice C mentions gender distribution, and choice D relates to the total population affected by a disorder, which are not reflective of the concept of incidence.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Socioeconomic status. Socioeconomic status (SES) is a term used to combine economic and social factors to describe an individual's or family's position in society.
Choice A, Culture, refers to the beliefs, customs, and practices of a specific group of people.
Choice C, Risk factors, are characteristics or exposures that increase the likelihood of developing a disease or injury.
Choice D, Ethnic gloss, is not a term related to the description of an individual or family's economic and social position.