Psychology 101 Final Exam - Nurselytic

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Down syndrome is caused by possessing an extra chromosome in chromosome 21, not a chemical imbalance (choice
A), a gene on the X chromosome (choice
B), or possessing an extra X chromosome (choice
C). The presence of an extra copy of chromosome 21, also known as trisomy 21, leads to the characteristic features and health problems associated with Down syndrome.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The diathesis-stress model explains that the onset of mental disorders results from the interaction of genetic vulnerability (diathesis) and environmental stress.
Choice A is incorrect because stress alone is not sufficient, according to the model.
Choice C is incorrect as it oversimplifies by attributing mental disorders solely to genetic factors.
Choice D is incorrect because the model emphasizes the joint contribution of genetic predisposition and environmental stress.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In Japanese culture, a securely attached child is described as dependent and emotionally restrained. This means that the child relies on their caregiver for support and is able to control their emotions, expressing their feelings in a more subtle and indirect manner.
Choice B is incorrect as it describes independence, which is not characteristic of a securely attached child in Japanese culture.
Choice C is also incorrect as it describes emotional lability and expressing feelings aggressively, which are not typical of securely attached children.
Choice D is incorrect as it combines independence with emotional restraint, which does not align with the characteristics of a securely attached child in Japanese culture.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: John Bowlby's attachment theory emphasized the quality of parental care in forming attachments. This is because Bowlby believed that a child's early experiences with their primary caregiver, especially the quality of care and responsiveness received, significantly influence the child's ability to form secure attachments.
Choice A is incorrect because while the social environment plays a role, Bowlby's theory focused more on the caregiver-child relationship.
Choice C is incorrect as it does not capture the central role of parental care highlighted in Bowlby's theory.
Choice D is also incorrect as Bowlby's theory actually emphasized the importance of a secure attachment to parental figures for healthy emotional development.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, Neglectful/uninvolved. This parenting style is associated with a lack of social skills, poor school performance, and moodiness due to the lack of parental involvement and emotional support. Authoritarian parenting (choice
A) is characterized by strict rules and high demands, not necessarily linked to these issues. Permissive/indulgent parenting (choice
B) involves few rules and high responsiveness, which may not directly lead to these problems. Authoritative parenting (choice
C) combines high demands with emotional support and is actually linked to positive outcomes such as good school performance and social skills.