Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Castration anxiety is a concept specific to the Phallic stage in psychoanalytic theory, according to Sigmund Freud. During the Phallic stage, children experience the Oedipus complex (boys) and Electra complex (girls), where they develop unconscious desires for the opposite-sex parent and fear castration by the same-sex parent. This anxiety is a crucial aspect of the Phallic stage, making it the correct answer. The other stages (Genital, Oral, and Anal) do not directly involve castration anxiety and focus on different aspects of psychosexual development.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. Socioeconomic factors like income and education levels are key determinants of mental health. They influence access to resources such as healthcare, housing, and social support systems, which can impact an individual's mental well-being. Additionally, socioeconomic factors can contribute to stress levels and overall quality of life, which in turn affect mental health.
Choice A is incorrect because socioeconomic factors do play a significant role in mental health outcomes.
Choice C is incorrect as socioeconomic factors have a broad impact on mental health beyond extreme cases.
Choice D is also incorrect as numerous studies have shown the clear impact of socioeconomic factors on mental health.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Freud's psychosexual stage that occurs between the ages of 3 and 5 is the phallic stage. During this stage, children focus on the genitals and start to identify with the same-sex parent while developing the superego.
Choice A, the oral stage, occurs during infancy (0-1 year), where gratification is centered around the mouth.
Choice B, the anal stage, occurs between the ages of 1 and 3, focusing on toilet training.
Choice D, the genital stage, is the final stage in Freud's theory, occurring from puberty onwards, where the focus is on mature sexual relationships.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B, Id. In psychodynamic theory, the Id is the component driven by basic, primal instincts, seeking instant gratification without consideration for consequences. It operates on the pleasure principle, aiming to fulfill desires immediately. The Superego, on the other hand, represents the internalized moral standards and ideals, while the Ego mediates between the Id and Superego, balancing impulses with societal norms. The 'Ideal self' is a concept from humanistic psychology related to one's aspirations and goals, not a component in psychodynamic theory.
Therefore, choices A, C, and D are incorrect.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Socioeconomic factors are indeed primary determinants of mental health. These factors influence mental health by impacting access to resources, stress levels, and overall well-being.
Choice A is incorrect as socioeconomic factors do have a significant impact on mental health.
Choice C is incorrect as socioeconomic factors play a crucial role in mental health outcomes.
Choice D is incorrect as socioeconomic factors can both exacerbate and cause mental health issues.