Psychology 101 Final Exam - Nurselytic

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Studying identical twins raised in different environments allows researchers to understand the impact of genetics versus environmental factors on traits.
Choice A is incorrect because differences in brain function can be influenced by a variety of factors and not solely by environmental differences.
Choice B is incorrect as concordance rates tend to be higher in identical twins reared together due to shared genetics and environment.
Choice C is incorrect because genetics do not change due to being raised in different environments.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The diathesis-stress model explains that the onset of mental disorders results from the interaction of genetic vulnerability (diathesis) and environmental stress.
Choice A is incorrect because stress alone is not sufficient, according to the model.
Choice C is incorrect as it oversimplifies by attributing mental disorders solely to genetic factors.
Choice D is incorrect because the model emphasizes the joint contribution of genetic predisposition and environmental stress.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. Extinction is the process of eliminating a conditioned response by repeatedly presenting the conditioned stimulus without the unconditioned stimulus. This helps in reducing or eliminating undesired behaviors.
Choice A is incorrect because extinction does not strengthen the conditioned response but weakens it.
Choice C is also incorrect as extinction is a valid technique used in treating disorders by reducing unwanted behaviors.
Choice D is incorrect as extinction does not involve intensifying the conditioned response but rather diminishing it.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: According to Freud's theory of psychosexual development, if a person does not resolve a particular stage successfully, they become fixated at that stage. This fixation can lead to behavior patterns characteristic of that stage in later life. In this context, 'defended' is incorrect because it does not align with Freud's theory of fixation. 'Repressed' is not the correct choice as it refers to the unconscious suppression of thoughts or desires. 'Displaced' involves redirecting emotions from their original source to a substitute target, which is not the concept Freud associated with unresolved psychosexual stages.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct statement is C: 'Changes in brain function appear to play a role in many psychiatric disorders.' This statement is accurate as research suggests that alterations in brain function are associated with various psychiatric disorders. Option A is incorrect because while brain damage can contribute to some psychiatric conditions, it is not always the primary cause. Option B is incorrect as brain damage typically increases the risk of developing psychiatric disorders. Option D is incorrect because while brain development can be influenced by experiences, it does not always decrease the risk of psychiatric conditions.